The roadless map of Greece

Scientific context
Roadless land conservation is a measurable tool to preserve the nature of high ecological integrity, hamper fragmentation, and address biodiversity decline (Ibisch et al. 2016; Kati et al. 2020). Greece has introduced a roadless legislation to this aim (BCL 2022; Kati et al. 2022) but risks rapid habitat loss from RES deployment (Kati et al. 2021). Biodiversity-inclusive spatial planning is needed, and roadless maps can be valuable tools for this aim under the Global and European Biodiversity Strategy.

Description
The dataset is the roadless map of Greece (5/2022), updating a previous work (Kati et al. 2020). Definitions: Roadless Core Area (RCA) is any land patch (excluding large waterbodies) that has a size greater than 1 km2 and lies at least 1 km away from the nearest road (accessible by motor vehicles, excluding paths). Roadless Area (RA) is the RCA and its 1 km buffer zone. Roadless Island (RI) and Roadless islet (Ri) are any non-artificial islands that are road-free in all their area, with a size above and below 1 km2, respectively. Roadless Fragmentation Indicator (RFI) is the percentage of RAs plus RIs of the Greek territory. Content: The dataset includes high-confidence data and consists of four sub-databases in kmz format: (a) 389 RCAs (different colors indicate five different size categories: 1-5, 5-10, 10-20,20-50 and >50 km2, (b) 389 RAs (including the RCAs), (c) 62 RI and (d) 3,456 Ris. Nota: The RFI is 6.1%. Most of the roadless sites had a size of over 1,000ha, lying in mountains and islands.

Significance, use, limitations
We recommend using the database to:
• Expand the Greek roadless legislation to roadless sites of at least 1,000ha.
• Include roadless sites in the strictly protected zones of the national network of protected areas (EC 2020).
• Identify new areas for expanding and connecting the network of protected areas (EC 2020).
• Define exclusion zones for new infrastructure development across sectors (SEAs) for Renewable Energy Sources, transport, tourism, industry, etc.
• Update the SEBI 13 indicator (EEA 2012) and monitor fragmentation in Greece in more natural ecosystems (RFI)
• Trigger policies toward landscape conservation and fragmentation minimization (CoE 2000; EC 2020).
• Identify wilderness areas of Greece and map old-growth forests

Funding
Green Fund of Greece: program “Natural environment and innovative environmental actions 2021”.

References
BCL 2022. https://bc.lab.uoi.gr/en/research/projects/roadless/
CoE 2000. https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/176
EC 2020. https://ec.europa.eu/info/files/communication-eu-biodiversity-strategy-2030-bringing-nature-back-our-lives_en
EEA 2012. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/streamlining-european-biodiversity-indicators-2020
Ibisch et al. 2016. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf7166
Kati et al. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12040124
Kati et al. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo2014

科学背景
无路地区保护是一项可衡量的工具，用以维护高生态完整性的自然风貌，遏制破碎化，并应对生物多样性的下降（Ibisch 等人，2016；Kati 等人，2020）。希腊为达此目的，实施了无路地区立法（BCL 2022；Kati 等人，2022），但可再生能源的部署可能导致快速栖息地丧失（Kati 等人，2021）。需要实施包含生物多样性的空间规划，而全球及欧洲生物多样性战略下的无路地图可成为实现此目的的有价值工具。
描述
本数据集为希腊无路地区地图（2022年5月），更新了先前的研究成果（Kati 等人，2020）。定义：无路核心区（RCA）是指任何大于1平方公里、至少距离最近道路1公里（可由机动车到达，不包括小径）的陆地斑块（不包括大型水体）。无路地区（RA）包括RCA及其1公里缓冲区。无路岛屿（RI）和无路岛礁（Ri）是指在其全部区域均无道路的任何非人造岛屿，其面积分别大于和小于1平方公里。无路破碎化指标（RFI）是希腊领土上RA和RI的百分比。内容：数据集包含高置信度数据，并包括四个子数据库，格式为kmz：（a）389个RCA（不同颜色表示五个不同的面积类别：1-5、5-10、10-20、20-50和>50平方公里；（b）389个RA（包括RCA）；（c）62个RI；（d）3,456个Ri。注意：RFI为6.1%。大多数无路地点面积超过1,000公顷，位于山地和岛屿。
意义、用途、局限性
我们建议使用该数据库：
• 将希腊无路地区立法扩展至至少1,000公顷的无路地点。
• 将无路地点纳入国家保护区域网络内的严格保护区（EC 2020）。
• 识别新的区域以扩展和保护区域网络（EC 2020）。
• 定义跨部门（可再生能源、交通、旅游、工业等）新基础设施开发的排除区域。
• 更新SEBI 13指标（EEA 2012）并监测希腊更自然生态系统中的破碎化（RFI）。
• 触发向景观保护和最小化破碎化的政策（CoE 2000；EC 2020）。
• 识别希腊的荒野区域并绘制原生森林地图。
资助
希腊绿色基金：2021年“自然环境与创新环保行动”项目。
参考文献
BCL 2022. https://bc.lab.uoi.gr/en/research/projects/roadless/
CoE 2000. https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/176
EC 2020. https://ec.europa.eu/info/files/communication-eu-biodiversity-strategy-2030-bringing-nature-back-our-lives_en
EEA 2012. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/streamlining-european-biodiversity-indicators-2020
Ibisch 等人，2016. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf7166
Kati 等人，2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12040124
Kati 等人，2022. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abo2014