Prevalence and factors associated with the use of drugs of abuse by pregnant women

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of drug abuse in pregnant women and to associate with the variables education, family income, race and number of pregnancies. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative research. Developed in the municipality of Bandeirantes-PR, from June 2016 to December 2017. The population was 114 pregnant women and the dependent variables were alcohol / tobacco use and illicit drugs and the independent variables were education, race, family income and number of pregnancies. The analysis was the comparison between the variables and Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 20.0 was used. It was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: the use of drugs of abuse during pregnancy was 19.2%, presenting as a sociodemographic profile characterization the age between 19 to 29 years, predominance of nonwhite race, with study time ≤ 9 years, with income from 1 to 2 minimum wages and multiparous women. The most commonly used drug of abuse was alcohol, followed by tobacco. Concomitant use between drugs was significant with alcohol and tobacco / illicit drugs and tobacco. Conclusions: drug use had a prevalence of 19.2% and acts in conjunction with social issues and this case, intervening is necessary with an individualized care plan, thus ensuring the promotion and prevention of maternal and child health.

摘要
研究目的：评估妊娠期女性药物滥用的患病率，并分析其与受教育程度、家庭收入、种族及妊娠次数等变量的相关性。
研究方法：本研究为描述性横断面定量研究，于2016年6月至2017年12月在巴西巴拉那州班德兰特斯市（Bandeirantes-PR）开展。研究对象共114名妊娠期女性，因变量为酒精/烟草使用与违禁药物使用情况，自变量为受教育程度、种族、家庭收入及妊娠次数。数据分析采用变量间比较法，使用Microsoft Excel 2007与SPSS 20.0统计软件完成。本研究已通过伦理委员会审查。
研究结果：妊娠期药物滥用的患病率为19.2%，该人群的社会人口学特征为年龄19~29岁、非白人种族占比居多、受教育时长≤9年、家庭收入为1~2倍最低工资标准，且多为经产妇。最常使用的滥用药物为酒精，其次为烟草。药物联合使用情况具有统计学显著性，其中酒精与烟草/违禁药物联用、烟草与其他药物联用的情况均较为显著。
研究结论：妊娠期药物滥用患病率达19.2%，其发生与社会问题密切相关，因此需制定个体化干预方案，以保障母婴健康的促进与预防工作有效落实。