1999 New Zealand Election Study

The New Zealand Election Survey (NZES) began in its present form in 1990, continued in 1993 and 1996, and its most recent study includes the 1999 general election. The NZES was undertaken with the aim of monitoring the democratic process in New Zealand during a period of social and economic change, and most particularly, during the transition between electoral systems. The survey comprised pre and post-election surveys. Electors surveyed in the pre-election phase answered questions on party affiliation, preferred Prime Minister, most important issue affecting voting choice, party and candidate the respondent was most likely to choose, coalition preferences, parties the respondent expected to form the next government, the relative importance of party and electoral votes under MMP, the MMP electoral system and perceived liklihood of becoming a republic. Electors in the post-election phase were asked questions on their interest in politics and the election campaign, the type of communication (e.g. phone calls, letters) received from members of campaigning parties, important election and social issues, democracy, parties and the political system, policies, party preference and voting, government and the electoral system and representation and participation. Background variables included gender, date of birth, country of origin, marital status, occupation, income, highest formal qualification, collection of benefits, subjective class, religion, ethnic identity and occupation and partisanship of parents.

新西兰选举调查（New Zealand Election Survey, NZES）自1990年起以当前形式启动，并于1993年、1996年接续开展，其最新一轮调研覆盖1999年大选。本调查旨在监测新西兰在社会与经济变革时期，尤其是选举制度转型阶段的民主进程。本次调查包含选举前与选举后两个调研阶段：选举前阶段的受访选民需回答如下问题——党派归属、首选总理人选、影响投票抉择的首要议题、受访者最倾向支持的政党与候选人、联盟执政偏好、受访者预期将组建下一届政府的政党、混合成员比例代表制（Mixed Member Proportional, MMP）下政党选票与选区选票的相对重要性、MMP选举制度，以及成为共和国的感知可能性。选举后阶段的受访选民则需回答关于其对政治与选举竞选活动的关注度、从竞选政党成员处收到的沟通类型（如电话、信函）、重要选举与社会议题、民主状况、政党与政治体系、政策主张、党派偏好与投票行为、政府与选举制度，以及代表权与参与度等问题。调查涵盖的背景变量包括性别、出生日期、原籍国、婚姻状况、职业、收入水平、最高正规学历、福利申领情况、主观阶层认同、宗教信仰、民族身份，以及父母的职业与党派倾向。