RawData_LaPerouse2019.zip

<strong>Abstract: </strong> Mesophotic marine ecosystems are characterized by lower light penetration supporting specialized fish fauna. Due to their depths (-30 to -150 m), accessibility is challenging, and the structure of mesophotic fish assemblages is generally less known than either shallow reefs or deep zones with soft bottoms which are generally trawled. Environmental DNA metabarcoding from seawater filtered <em>in situ</em> could improve our ability to monitor the diversity of mesophotic ecosystems. Here, we developed and tested a submersible standalone pumping device allowing targeted marine water filtering to explore the biodiversity of two mesophotic ecosystems, one temperate along the Provence coast in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea and one tropical at the seamount La Pérouse in the Western Indian Ocean. We filtered water samples from depths ranging between 0 and 200 m in the Mediterranean Sea and between 60 and 140 m in the Indian Ocean and applied a metabarcoding protocol using the teleo primer pair targeting the 12S mitochondrial rDNA (Actinopterygii and Chondrichthyes). For both study regions, our eDNA survey was able to recover highly diverse fish assemblages and the compositional analysis of eDNA samples showed both a marked signal of fish compositional turnover and overlapping taxa between depth zones. Further, we observed that a substantial number of species were found in samples collected in depths beyond their reported depth range suggesting an underestimation of species’ depth tolerances. eDNA metabarcoding should thus complement existing knowledge of species' geographic distributions across space and depth. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of eDNA metabarcoding for future mesophotic surveys as it allows fast and broad biodiversity assessment. <br> <strong>Data set:</strong> These data sets include the raw data of La Pérouse of the Environmental DNA article "Environmental DNA highlights fish biodiversity in mesophotic ecosystems".

<strong>摘要：</strong> 中光层海洋生态系统（mesophotic marine ecosystems）以光照穿透度较低为特征，支撑着特化鱼类群落。由于其所处水深为30至150米，探查难度极大，因此相较于浅礁或通常被拖网捕捞的软底质深海区域，中光层鱼类群落的结构特征仍鲜为人知。通过原位过滤海水获取的环境DNA（Environmental DNA, eDNA）元条形码（metabarcoding）技术，可提升我们对中光层生态系统生物多样性的监测能力。本研究开发并测试了一款可水下独立运行的抽水装置，用于定向过滤海水以探究两个中光层海洋生态系统的生物多样性：一个是地中海西北部普罗旺斯沿岸的温带生态系统，另一个是西印度洋拉佩鲁兹海山的热带生态系统。我们在地中海采集了0至200米水深的海水样本，在印度洋采集了60至140米水深的海水样本，并采用靶向12S线粒体核糖体DNA（rDNA）的teleo引物组开展元条形码分析，该引物可扩增辐鳍鱼纲（Actinopterygii）与软骨鱼纲（Chondrichthyes）的目标序列。在两个研究区域中，本研究的eDNA监测均成功获取了多样性极高的鱼类群落；eDNA样本的组成分析显示，鱼类群落组成存在显著的深度更替现象，且不同水深区域存在共有类群。此外，我们在超出物种已报道水深范围的样本中检测到了大量物种，这表明当前对物种水深耐受范围的认知存在低估。因此，元条形码技术可补充现有关于物种空间与水深分布格局的认知。综上，本研究结果证实了元条形码技术在未来中光层生态调查中的应用潜力，该技术可实现快速且大范围的生物多样性评估。<br> <strong>数据集：</strong> 本数据集包含环境DNA论文"Environmental DNA highlights fish biodiversity in mesophotic ecosystems"中拉佩鲁兹海山相关的原始数据。