RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE STRUCTURE OF STATE ADMINISTRATION IN THE XIX - BEGINNING XX centuries

The article outlines the key areas of the charitable and educational activities of the Orthodox Church, which are analyzed during religious reforms in the 19th and early 20th centuries. in Russia. It is shown that at that time the scale of charity aid and the responsibilities of charitable organizations increased; the control over the distribution of aid has improved, the role of the Church in the social protection of the population has increased. The conclusions made in the article allow us to look at a holistic picture of the Church's activities in providing the educational process in Russian church schools during the period under study. It turned out that the concrete activity of the clergy, which was impossible without the proper level of education, placed the clergy in the most literate category of the population. It is the priests, in the absence of a developed education system in Russia, began to introduce primary public education. This article helps to understand and systematize the position of the Church as a spiritual and moral institution that preserves Russia's cultural heritage. Of particular importance is the regional nature of the topic under study, which makes it possible to understand the general and specific relations between the Church and the state. For the international community, the article will be useful as an archival exhibition, which is a rare publication that reveals the relationship between the Orthodox Church and the state in Russia in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

本文阐述了19世纪至20世纪初俄国宗教改革语境下所研讨的东正教会（Orthodox Church）慈善与教育活动的核心范畴。研究表明，彼时慈善救助的规模与慈善组织的职责均有所扩大，救助分配的监管机制亦得到完善，教会在民众社会保护中的作用进一步提升。本文所得结论可助我们完整呈现研究时段内俄国教会学校教育活动的全貌。研究发现，神职人员的具体工作需以合格的教育水平为基础，这使得神职人员成为当时俄国受教育程度最高的群体之一。正是教士们在俄国教育体系尚未发达之时，率先推行了公共初等教育。本文有助于厘清并系统化认知东正教会作为守护俄国文化遗产的精神与道德机构的定位。本研究主题的区域性特征尤为关键，这有助于我们明晰教会与国家之间的普遍与特殊关系。对于国际学界而言，本文作为一份揭示19世纪至20世纪初俄国东正教会与国家关系的珍稀出版物，可作为档案展陈资料供相关研究参考。