Heterogeneity test: Different household types.

Carbon emissions from household consumption are an important part of global energy consumption, and household digital transformation is vital for realizing green and low−carbon development. Using data from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey, this study empirically examines the effect of household digital transformation on household energy efficiency. The results show that household digital transformation significantly improves household energy efficiency across all quantiles. This effect varies by consumption type, with the most pronounced improvements in food, housing, and other consumption categories. The impact is stronger for households with elderly members. Per capita household income and education level serve as important mediating and moderating mechanisms, respectively. Unlike previous macro-level studies, this research provides micro-evidence on the impact of household digital transformation on energy efficiency, explores the underlying mechanisms through income and education effects, and examines heterogeneous impacts across different consumption types and household characteristics. These findings offer important policy implications for leveraging digital transformation to enhance household energy efficiency and promote sustainable development.

居民消费产生的碳排放是全球能源消费的重要组成部分，而居民数字化转型对于实现绿色低碳发展至关重要。本研究基于2019年中国家庭金融调查（China Household Finance Survey）数据，实证检验了居民数字化转型对家庭能源效率的影响。研究结果表明，居民数字化转型在所有分位点上均能显著提升家庭能源效率。该效应因消费类型而异，在食品、住房及其他消费类别中改善效果最为显著。对于有老年成员的家庭，该影响更为突出。家庭人均收入与受教育水平分别作为重要的中介机制与调节机制发挥作用。与既往宏观层面研究不同，本研究提供了居民数字化转型影响家庭能源效率的微观证据，通过收入与教育效应剖析了其内在作用机制，并检验了不同消费类型与家庭特征下的异质性影响。上述研究结论为依托数字化转型提升家庭能源效率、推动可持续发展提供了重要的政策启示。