Dayside Aurora Dataset from the GOLD Mission

This dataset contains dayside aurora observations derived from measurements by the Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission. The source data are from the Level 1C DAY (L1C DAY) products, available on the official GOLD website and at NASA’s Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF).GOLD is onboard a geostationary satellite at 47.5°W longitude. Due to its viewing geometry and the positioning of the geomagnetic poles, the southern aurora is generally not visible in the L1C DAY files. Consequently, this dataset only has products of the northern aurora.The dataset includes three main products:Raw emissions of auroral species from the L1C DAY files.Dayglow estimates - representing light pollution (non auroral emissions) that contaminate the images.Binary Masks - Estimated auroral locations in the images.Subtracting (2) from (1), and applying (3), gives the dayside aurora estimate, with no dayglow contamination.In total, the dataset consists of over 47,000 image-label pairs spanning October 2018 to June 2025, making it one of the largest publicly available dayside aurora datasets to date. Code that was used to generate this dataset can be found at this link, and above for download.

本数据集包含由全球边缘与盘区观测（Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk, GOLD）任务的测量数据衍生得到的日间极光观测结果。其源数据来自L1C级DAY（L1C DAY）产品，可在GOLD官方网站及美国国家航空航天局（National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA）空间物理数据设施（Space Physics Data Facility, SPDF）获取。GOLD搭载于经度47.5°W的地球静止卫星之上。受观测几何条件与地磁极点位置的限制，L1C DAY文件中通常无法观测到南极光，因此本数据集仅包含北极光相关产品。

本数据集包含三类核心产品：
1. L1C DAY文件中的极光相关组分原始辐射强度；
2. 日间辉光估算值：用于表征污染图像的光污染（非极光辐射）；
3. 二值掩膜：图像中估算得到的极光位置。

将（1）减去（2）并应用（3）的处理后，即可得到无日间辉光污染的日间极光估算结果。

本数据集总计包含超过47000组图像-标签对，时间覆盖2018年10月至2025年6月，是目前公开可获取的规模最大的日间极光数据集之一。用于生成本数据集的代码可通过上述链接获取并下载。