Data From: The 1014F knockdown resistance mutation is not a strong correlate of phenotypic resistance to pyrethroids in Florida populations of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>

Culex quinquefasciatus is an important target for vector control because of its ability to transmit pathogens that cause disease. Most populations are resistant to pyrethroids and often to organophosphates, the two most common classes of active ingredients used by public health agencies. A knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation, resulting in a change from a leucine to phenylalanine in the voltage gated sodium channel, is one mechanism contributing to the pyrethroid resistant phenotype. Enzymatic resistance has also been shown to play a very important role. Recent studies have shown strong resistance in populations even when kdr is relatively low which indicates factors other than kdr may be larger contributors to resistance. In this study, we examined on a statewide scale (over 70 populations), the strength of the correlation between resistance in the CDC bottle bioassay and the kdr genotypes and allele frequencies. Spearman correlation analysis showed only moderate (-0.51) and weak (-0.29) correlation between the kdr genotype and permethrin and deltamethrin respectively. The frequency of the kdr allele was an even weaker correlate. These results indicate, in contrast to Aedes aegypti, assessing kdr in populations of Culex quinquefasciatus is not a good surrogate for phenotypic resistance testing.致倦库蚊（Culex quinquefasciatus）可传播致病性病原体，因此是病媒防控的重要靶标物种。该蚊的绝大多数种群对拟除虫菊酯类药剂具有抗性，且常对有机磷酸酯类药剂同样产生抗性——这两类是公共卫生机构目前应用最为广泛的活性成分药剂类别。电压门控钠通道（voltage gated sodium channel）上的亮氨酸突变为苯丙氨酸所导致的击倒抗性（kdr）突变，是引发拟除虫菊酯抗性表型的机制之一。酶介导抗性同样被证实是重要的抗性机制。近期研究发现，即便种群的kdr抗性水平相对较低，其仍可表现出较强的药剂抗性，这表明除kdr之外的其他因素可能对抗性的贡献更大。本研究以州域为研究范围（覆盖70余个种群），分析了美国疾控中心（CDC）瓶膜生物测定法所检测的抗性水平与kdr基因型、等位基因频率之间的相关强度。斯皮尔曼相关分析结果显示，kdr基因型与氯菊酯、溴氰菊酯的抗性水平仅存在中等程度（相关系数为-0.51）和微弱程度（相关系数为-0.29）的相关性。kdr等位基因频率与抗性水平的相关性则更为微弱。本研究结果表明，与埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti）不同，通过检测致倦库蚊种群的kdr水平，无法作为表型抗性检测的可靠替代手段。