Lab 2:Biol2050 Woodlot Data Set 4

The experiment was conducted for the second biol2050 lab for dataset 4. The experiment was conducted in the woodlot at York University on Thursday Sept 24th, 2015 at approximately 430-5pm. The weather during this time was 21 degrees Celsius, with 0% chance of rain, and wind with the speed of 16km/h. Group Members: Simranjit Kang, Ava Kamali, Katrin Chapkis, Jennifer Mariathas The purpose of the lab was to understand the process of using transect measuring tape to calculate the diameter at breast height of adult, and sapling trees. As well, the purpose was to gain knowledge on how to determine canopy coverage. The sample size in this experiment was 10 pairs of Maple trees (1 adult maple tree, and 1 sapling maple tree that was closest to it), for a total of 20. The maple tree was identified using the leaf guide provided on page 14 of the lab manual. Also, there was a great abundance of maple trees in the woodlot, and so it was chosen as the subject. The observer randomly selected an adult maple tree, which had to be at least twice the observer's height (the observer was 5"4). The diameter at breast height was then determined by using the transect measuring tape, and calculating the width of the tree at the observer's chest height. The results were then recorded in inches. The canopy coverage of each adult tree was estimated by using the index and thumb of both hands, creating a rectangle which was then held up to the sky. The amount of space that the adult maple tree took up was recorded as a percentage to the best of the observers ability. If the tree took up half the space when viewed, it was given 50%, if it took up 3/4 it was given 75%, and so on. Each member of the group estimated the canopy coverage of each maple tree as well, and achieved the same results as the observer, this was done in order to decrease chance of error. After the closest sapling maple tree was found from the adult maple tree, the distance between them was measured with the transect measuring tape in feet. The tree was considered a sapling when it just reached the observer's height (5"4), or slightly taller. The diameter at breast height was then determined by using the transect measuring tape once again, and calculating the width of the tree at the observer's chest height. The results were recorded in inches. This process was performed a total of 10 times.

本实验为BIOL2050课程第4号数据集的第二次实验课内容。实验于2015年9月24日周四在约克大学（York University）林地开展，时段约为下午4点30分至5点。当日实验时段气温为21摄氏度，降雨概率为0%，风速达16千米/小时。小组成员包括Simranjit Kang、Ava Kamali、Katrin Chapkis与Jennifer Mariathas。本次实验的目标在于掌握使用样带卷尺（transect measuring tape）测量成树与幼树胸径（diameter at breast height）的方法，同时学习如何测定林冠覆盖率（canopy coverage）。本实验的样本为10组枫树样本（每组包含1株成年枫树与1株紧邻的幼枫树），总计20株。实验依据实验手册第14页提供的叶片图鉴完成枫树物种鉴定。由于该林地内枫树分布广泛，因此选取其作为实验对象。实验者随机选取1株成年枫树，其高度需至少为实验者身高的两倍（实验者身高为5英尺4英寸）。随后使用样带卷尺测量该树胸高位置的周长，进而计算胸径，测量结果以英寸为单位记录。林冠覆盖率通过如下方式估算：双手食指与拇指组成矩形框，举至天空处，根据成年枫树在框内占据的空间比例估算覆盖率，以百分比记录估算结果。例如，若树木占据框内一半空间，则记为50%；占据四分之三则记为75%，以此类推。为降低实验误差，小组每位成员均对每株枫树的林冠覆盖率进行估算，最终所有成员的估算结果与实验者一致。找到成年枫树紧邻的幼枫树后，使用样带卷尺测量二者之间的距离，单位为英尺。幼树的判定标准为高度达到实验者身高（5英尺4英寸）或略高。同样使用样带卷尺测量该幼树的胸径，结果以英寸为单位记录。上述实验流程总计重复10次。