PCC criteria [89].

The objective of the review is to identify factors related to how East and Southeast Asian immigrant youth aged 12–24 and their families access mental health and substance use (MHSU) services. To address how East and Southeast Asian youth and their families access mental health and substance use services, a scoping review was conducted to identify studies in these databases: PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Sociology Collection. Qualitative content analysis was used to deductively identify themes and was guided by Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, the process-person-context-time (PPCT) model, and the five dimensions of care accessibility (approachability, acceptability, availability and accommodation, appropriateness, affordability). Seventy-three studies met the inclusion criteria. The dimensions of healthcare accessibility shaped the following themes: 1) Acceptability; 2) Appropriateness; 3) Approachability; 4) Availability and Accommodation. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory and the PPCT model informed the development of the following themes: 1) Immediate Environment/Proximal Processes (Familial Factors, Relationships with Peers; 2) Context (School-Based Services/Community Resources, Discrimination, Prevention, Virtual Care); 3) Person (Engagement in Services/Treatment/Research, Self-management); 4) Time (Immigration Status). The study suggests that there is a growing body of research (21 studies) focused on identifying acceptability factors, including Asian cultural values and the model minority stereotype impacting how East and Southeast Asian immigrant youth access MHSU services. This review also highlighted familial factors (16 studies), including family conflict, lack of MHSU literacy, reliance on family as support, and family-based interventions, as factors affecting how East and Southeast Asian immigrant youth access MHSU care. However, the study also highlighted a dearth of research examining how East and Southeast Asian youth with diverse identities access MHSU services. This review emphasizes the factors related to the access to MHSU services by East and Southeast Asian immigrant youth and families while providing insights that will improve cultural safety.

本综述旨在明确12至24岁东亚、东南亚移民青年及其家属获取心理健康与物质使用（mental health and substance use, MHSU）服务的相关影响因素。为明确东亚、东南亚青年及其家属获取MHSU服务的路径，本研究开展了范围综述，检索了以下数据库：PubMed、MEDLINE（Ovid平台）、EMBASE（Ovid平台）、PsycINFO、CINAHL以及Sociology Collection。本研究采用质性内容分析法进行演绎式主题提炼，并以布朗芬布伦纳生态系统理论（Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory）、过程-人-情境-时间（process-person-context-time, PPCT）模型以及医疗服务可及性五大维度为研究框架，该五大维度分别为：可及性（approachability）、可接受性（acceptability）、可获得性与适配性（availability and accommodation）、适宜性（appropriateness）以及可负担性（affordability）。最终共有73项研究符合纳入标准。医疗服务可及性维度衍生出以下四大主题：1）可接受性；2）适宜性；3）可及性；4）可获得性与适配性。布朗芬布伦纳生态系统理论与PPCT模型则构建了另一组研究主题：1）即时环境/近端过程（家庭因素、同伴关系）；2）情境维度（校内服务/社区资源、歧视现象、预防干预、虚拟诊疗）；3）个体层面（服务、治疗与研究参与、自我管理）；4）时间维度（移民身份）。本研究发现，当前已有越来越多的研究（共21项）聚焦于可接受性影响因素，其中包括亚洲文化价值观与模范少数族裔刻板印象对东亚、东南亚移民青年获取MHSU服务的影响。本次综述同时指出，家庭因素（共16项相关研究）也是影响东亚、东南亚移民青年获取MHSU服务的关键因素，具体包括家庭冲突、MHSU相关知识匮乏、对家庭支持的依赖以及基于家庭的干预手段。但本研究同时指出，目前针对具有多元身份的东亚、东南亚青年获取MHSU服务的相关研究仍较为匮乏。本综述系统梳理了东亚、东南亚移民青年及其家属获取MHSU服务的相关影响因素，并为提升文化安全提供了可行的优化思路。