Table_1_Associations of Blautia Genus With Early-Life Events and Later Phenotype in the NutriHS.docx

IntroductionEarly-life events are associated with the risk of obesity and comorbidities later in life. The gut microbiota—whose composition is influenced by genetics and environmental factors—could be involved. Since the microbiota affects metabolism and fat storage, early-life insults could contribute to the occurrence of obesity driven, in part, by microbiota composition. We examined associations of gut bacteria with early-life events, nutritional status, and body composition in the Nutritionist’s Health Study (NutriHS).
MethodsA cross-sectional study of 114 female participants examining early-life data, body composition, and biological samples was conducted. Fecal microbiota structure was determined targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) were used to test the impact of variables on microbial diversity. Profiles were identified using the Jensen-Shannon divergence matrix and Calinski–Harabasz index. Differential abundance between the categories of exclusive breastfeeding duration and nutritional status was tested using DESeq2.
ResultsIn the sample [median age 28 years and body mass index (BMI) 24.5 kg/m2], 2 microbiota profiles driven by the Blautia or Prevotella genus were identified. An estimated 9.1% of the variation was explained by the profiles (p < 0.001), 2.1% by nutritional status (p = 0.004), and 1.8% by exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.012). The proportion of participants with BMI <25 kg/m2 and who were breastfed for at least 6 months was higher in the Blautia profile (p < 0.05).
ConclusionFindings in a Blautia-driven profile of healthy women reinforce that early-life events play a role in defining gut microbiota composition, confirming the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for infant gut colonization in establishing a protective profile against adiposity-related outcomes in adulthood.

### 引言
生命早期事件与成年后肥胖及共病的发病风险密切相关。肠道菌群（gut microbiota）的组成受遗传与环境因素共同调控，可能参与这一病理过程。由于肠道菌群可影响机体代谢与脂肪储存，生命早期的不良暴露可能通过改变菌群组成结构，部分参与肥胖的发生发展。本研究依托营养学家健康研究（Nutritionist’s Health Study, NutriHS）队列，探讨肠道菌群与生命早期事件、营养状况及身体成分之间的关联。

### 研究方法
本研究为横断面研究，共纳入114名女性受试者，收集其生命早期相关数据、身体成分指标及生物学样本。以16S rRNA基因的V4区为靶标，检测粪便菌群的结构组成。采用主坐标分析（Principal coordinates analysis, PCoA）与置换多变量方差分析（permutational multivariate analysis of variance, PERMANOVA），检验各变量对菌群多样性的影响。基于詹森-香农散度矩阵（Jensen-Shannon divergence matrix）与卡林斯基-哈拉巴斯指数（Calinski–Harabasz index）进行菌群聚类分型。采用DESeq2检验纯母乳喂养时长分层与营养状况分层间的菌群丰度差异。

### 研究结果
本研究样本的中位年龄为28岁，体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）为24.5 kg/m²，共鉴定出2种以布劳特氏菌属（Blautia）或普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella）为核心菌属的菌群分型。菌群分型可解释约9.1%的菌群组成变异（p < 0.001），营养状况可解释2.1%（p = 0.004），纯母乳喂养时长可解释1.8%（p = 0.012）。在布劳特氏菌属主导的菌群分型中，体质量指数<25 kg/m²且纯母乳喂养时长≥6个月的受试者占比更高（p < 0.05）。

### 研究结论
针对健康女性布劳特氏菌属主导菌群分型的研究结果进一步证实，生命早期事件可调控肠道菌群的组成结构，同时验证了纯母乳喂养对婴儿肠道菌群定植的重要性——这有助于建立成年后对抗肥胖相关结局的保护性菌群分型。