CHARACTERIZE OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND MILK QUALITY OF PRODUCTION UNITS IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF CEARÁ

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the production systems and milk quality of eight milk production units (MPU) in the semiarid region of the state of Ceará, Brazil. Individual interviews were conducted through a questionnaire on the characteristics of the properties and production systems. Samples of milk and water were collected for a period of 12 months. Four MPUs were classified as semi-specialized and four as non-specialized. No differences were observed in milk composition between the two production systems, and both showed protein, fat, and solids-not-fat levels. Differences were observed for somatic cell count. The semi-specialized systems showed an average somatic cell and total bacterial count which is above the limit established by the 62nd Normative Instruction. All water samples showed presence of Escherichia coli. Somatic cell count was positively correlated (fat) and negatively (lactose). For total bacterial count, correlations were negative for fat, total solids, and somatic cell count. The microbiological quality of milk is not in accordance with the 62st and 7th Normative Instructions. The specialization of the production systems did not result in improved microbiological aspects of milk.

摘要 本研究旨在表征巴西塞阿拉州半干旱地区8个牛奶生产单元（milk production units, MPU）的生产系统与牛奶品质。研究通过针对生产场地特征与生产系统的问卷开展一对一访谈，并在12个月的采样周期内采集牛奶与水样。其中4个牛奶生产单元被归类为半专业化生产单元，剩余4个归类为非专业化生产单元。两种生产系统的牛奶成分无显著差异，二者均含有蛋白质、脂肪与非脂固体成分；但体细胞计数存在显著差异。半专业化生产单元的平均体细胞计数与总细菌计数均超出第62号规范性指令规定的限值。所有水样均检出大肠埃希菌（Escherichia coli）。体细胞计数与脂肪含量呈正相关，与乳糖含量呈负相关；总细菌计数则与脂肪、总固体及体细胞计数均呈负相关。牛奶的微生物品质不符合第62号与第7号规范性指令的要求，且生产系统的专业化并未使牛奶的微生物品质得到改善。