Data from: Nitrate reductase phylogeny of potato (Solanum sect. Petota) genomes with emphasis on the origins of the polyploid species

Solanum section Petota is taxonomically difficult, partly because of interspecific hybridization at both the diploid and polyploid levels. There is much disagreement regarding species boundaries and affiliation of species to series. Elucidating the phylogenetic relationships within the polyploids is crucial for an effective taxonomic treatment of the section and for the utilization of wild potato germplasm in breeding programs. We here infer relationships among the potato diploids and polyploids using nitrate reductase (NIA) sequence data in comparison to prior plastid phylogenies and: 1) examine genome types within section Petota, 2) show species in the polyploid series Conicibaccata, Longipedicellata, and in the Iopetalum group to be derived from allopolyploidization, 3) support an earlier hypothesis by confirming S. verrucosum as the maternal genome donor for the polyploid species S. demissum as well as species in the Iopetalum Group, 4) demonstrate that S. verrucosum is the closest relative to the maternal genome donor for species in ser. Longipedicellata, 5) support the close relationship between S. acaule and diploid species from series Megistacroloba and Tuberosa, and 6) show the North and Central American B genome species to be well distinguished from the A genome species of South America.

马铃薯组（Solanum section Petota）的分类学研究颇具难度，部分原因在于其二倍体与多倍体水平上均存在种间杂交现象。目前学界对于该组的物种界定以及物种与各系的归属问题存在诸多分歧。阐明多倍体类群的系统发育关系，对于该组的科学分类处理以及育种项目中野生马铃薯种质资源的利用均至关重要。本研究借助硝酸还原酶（nitrate reductase, NIA）序列数据，并结合已发表的质体系统发育结果，对马铃薯二倍体与多倍体类群的亲缘关系进行推断，同时完成以下6项分析：1. 明确马铃薯组内的基因组类型；2. 证实多倍体*Conicibaccata*系、*Longipedicellata*系以及*Iopetalum*组物种均起源于异源多倍化；3. 验证了此前的假说，确认S. verrucosum（Solanum verrucosum）为多倍体物种S. demissum（Solanum demissum）以及*Iopetalum*组物种的母本基因组供体；4. 表明S. verrucosum是*Longipedicellata*系物种母本基因组供体的近缘类群；5. 证实S. acaule（Solanum acaule）与*Megistacroloba*系和*Tuberosa*系的二倍体物种亲缘关系紧密；6. 明确北美与中美洲的B基因组物种与南美洲的A基因组物种界限清晰。