Process-Mechanized Green Approach to Organic Phosphorescence: From Mechanochemistry Synthesis to 3D Printing

Carbazole-based
organic room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials
have attracted widespread attention, yet their structural diversification
has remained limited due to inherent synthetic constraints. In this
work, a dual-mechanical strategy integrating mechanochemical synthesis
with 3D-printed processing is introduced. A g-configured benzoindole
(Bd[g]) skeleton is efficiently obtained through a solvent-free mechanochemical
protocol, enabling rapid and scalable access to high-performance RTP
molecular frameworks. When dispersed within a poly(vinyl butyral)
(PVB) matrix, Bd[g] derivatives display stable RTP emission as a result
of suppressed molecular motion and minimized environmental quenching.
Benefiting from the excellent processability of PVB-based composites,
the RTP materials are further shaped into customizable 3D-printed
architectures featuring persistent phosphorescence, mechanical flexibility,
and strong resistance to seawater. This fully mechanical “molecule-to-device”
methodology establishes a practical route toward durable organic RTP
systems and underscores their potential in marine sensing, underwater
imaging, and long-term anticorrosion applications.

基于咔唑的有机室温磷光（room-temperature phosphorescent, RTP）材料已受到广泛关注，但受固有合成约束限制，其结构多样性始终较为有限。本研究提出一种整合机械化学合成与3D打印加工的双机械策略。通过无溶剂机械化学工艺可高效获得g构型苯并吲哚（benzoindole, Bd[g]）骨架，能够快速、规模化制备高性能磷光分子骨架。将该苯并吲哚衍生物分散于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（poly(vinyl butyral), PVB）基质中时，由于分子运动受到抑制且环境猝灭效应被最小化，其可展现出稳定的室温磷光发射。得益于PVB基复合材料优异的加工性能，该室温磷光材料可进一步成型为具备持久磷光、机械柔韧性及强抗海水性能的可定制3D打印结构。这种全机械“分子到器件”的方法为构建耐用型有机RTP体系提供了实用路径，并凸显了其在海洋传感、水下成像以及长效防腐应用中的潜力。