Physical Avtivity Among Weak-Sighted Students in Elementary Schools, 1998

The primary objective of the project was to investigate the contemporary situation concerning weak-sighted students' participation in gym class in elementary school, and their level of physical activity after school, with the intention of suggesting remedies to improve their conditions for participation. The variables included were the following: Knowledge, information, planning, cooperation, the role of physical educators, individual learning plans, exercise choices, integration, resources, organizational actions and the students' attitudes towards physical education and activity. The study found that the majority of weak sighted students looked forward to gym class, but had little physical activity in their spare time. For the weakly impaired, the primary motivation for physical activity was friends. While the strongly impaired and the blind put primary importance on facilitation and follow up. More than half of the group claimed a shortage of available activities after school, while three out of four blind students claimed a complete lack of available activities. Teachers were generally found to be well educated in their field, but lacked specific knowledge concerning the weak-sighted and blind. Few had specialized learning plans, and there was a lack of cooperation and exchange of information and knowledge between teachers. The sample consisted of weak sighted students from ten counties in southern Norway. The sample was drawn by visual educators in each county.

本项目的核心目标是调查小学弱视力学生参与体育课的现状及其课后体育活动水平，旨在提出改善其参与条件的对策。研究涉及的变量包括：知识、信息、规划、合作、体育教师的角色、个性化学习计划、运动选择、融合、资源、组织行动以及学生对体育与活动的态度。研究发现，大多数弱视力学生期待体育课，但课余时间体育活动较少。轻度视障学生参与体育活动的主要动机是朋友；而重度视障及盲生则更重视便利条件与后续支持。超半数学生表示课后可参与的活动不足，四分之三的盲生更是完全缺乏可用活动。教师虽普遍具备扎实的专业教育背景，但缺乏针对弱视力及盲生的专项知识；仅有少数学生拥有个性化学习计划，且教师间缺乏合作与信息知识交流。研究样本为挪威南部十个郡的弱视力学生，由各郡的视觉教育工作者选取。