Contribution of the Brazilian National Forest Inventory to the knowledge of Cerrado woody flora

Abstract: The National Forest Inventory (Inventário Florestal Nacional-IFN) is a large initiative that uses standardised methods to survey Brazilian forestry resources. One target of the IFN is the Cerrado, which contains one of the richest floras in the world. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of the IFN to the knowledge of Cerrado woody flora. We analysed data from field-collected vouchers sampled by the IFN Cerrado. We restricted our analyses to IFN collections of native trees and shrubs, including palms, which were identified at the species level. Habitat of each collection was obtained by overlaying specimens’ geographic coordinates with land cover maps available in the Mapbiomas platform. Our final dataset comprised 28,602 specimens distributed in 2,779 sites (conglomerates) in Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Piauí, São Paulo and Tocantins. Collections were located in the following habitats: savannas (40.5%), forests (30.2%), anthropic areas (25.6%), grasslands (3.5%), and water (0.2%). We recorded 1,822 species belonging to 543 genera and 105 families, representing 34% of Cerrado woody species recorded on Flora do Brasil 2020. Fabaceae had the largest number of species, while Tapirira guianensis and Matayba guianensis were the most collected species. We highlight 60 potentially new records of occurrence for several states and 64 new records for the Cerrado, primarily in riparian forests where species from other biomes occur. In addition, 232 recorded species are Cerrado endemics, while 36 are cited in the CNCFlora’s red list as endangered. The systematic sampling carried out by the IFN enabled vegetation sampling in remote and poorly known areas, which expanded the geographic range of many woody species and contributed to the knowledge of plant diversity in the Cerrado.

摘要：国家森林清查（National Forest Inventory，下称IFN）是一项采用标准化方法开展巴西林业资源调查的大型工程。其核心覆盖区域之一为塞拉多（Cerrado）——这是全球植物区系多样性最为丰富的区域之一。本研究旨在评估IFN对塞拉多木本植物区系认知的贡献。我们对IFN在塞拉多地区采集的野外凭证标本数据进行了分析，将分析范围限定为经物种水平鉴定的本土乔木、灌木类群（含棕榈科植物）。通过将标本的地理坐标与Mapbiomas平台（Mapbiomas）提供的土地覆盖图叠加，获取每份标本的生境信息。最终数据集包含28602份标本，分布于巴伊亚州、联邦特区、戈亚斯州、马拉尼昂州、马托格罗索州、南马托格罗索州、米纳斯吉拉斯州、皮奥伊州、圣保罗州和托坎廷斯州的2779个样地（集群）中。标本所在生境类型及占比分别为：稀树草原（40.5%）、森林（30.2%）、人为干扰区域（25.6%）、草原（3.5%）以及水域（0.2%）。本研究共记录到隶属于105个科、543个属的1822个物种，占《巴西植物志2020》（Flora do Brasil 2020）中记录的塞拉多木本植物物种总数的34%。其中豆科（Fabaceae）的物种数量最多，圭亚那踏普木（Tapirira guianensis）和圭亚那密花树（Matayba guianensis）为采集量最高的物种。我们共记录到60项针对多个州的潜在新分布记录，以及64项塞拉多地区的新分布记录，这些新记录主要集中在分布有其他生物群落物种的河岸森林中。此外，有232个记录物种为塞拉多特有种，另有36个物种被列入CNCFlora红色名录，被评估为濒危物种。IFN开展的系统性抽样工作实现了对偏远及认知薄弱区域的植被调查，拓展了诸多木本植物的地理分布范围，为提升塞拉多地区植物多样性的认知水平作出了贡献。