Data from: Ecological requirements drive the variable responses of wheat pests and natural enemies to the landscape context

1. Semi-natural habitats (SNH) are considered essential for pest
suppressive landscapes, but their influence on crop pests and natural
enemies can be highly variable. Instead of SNH per se, the availability of
resources, such as pollen and nectar, may be more relevant for supporting
pest control. 2. Here, we assessed the spatio-temporal variation of
multiple insect pests (cereal leaf beetles and aphids) and natural enemies
(predators and aphid parasitoids) in wheat fields and their responses to
landscape context and flower availability. We combined detailed
information on pollen use by natural enemies with the specific
distribution of pollen-providing plants across a gradient of landscape
composition and configuration. 3. The abundance of wheat pests was tightly
linked to wheat development stage. Syrphids colonised the fields early in
the season, while the abundance of other enemies increased later in the
season. The responses of pests to landscape structure were variable and,
while some pests had low abundances in landscapes with high edge density
and SNH cover, Sitobion avenae abundance was positively associated with
SNH cover. Lacewings, syrphids and cereal leaf beetles were abundant in
landscapes with diverse and abundant flower resources, whereas the
abundance of parasitoids and Nabis sp. was driven by aphid abundance. We
detected no significant indirect effects of landscape on pests via natural
enemies. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our findings
highlight the need for conservation biological control to go beyond “one
size fits all” and consider the specific ecology of the involved
organisms. Landscapes with high edge density and flowering woody plants
may support natural enemies, in particular syrphids, which colonised the
fields early in the season. Incentives for pest-suppressive landscapes
should focus on tailored strategies that disfavour pests and
simultaneously enhance natural enemies according to their ecological
requirements.

1. 半自然栖息地（Semi-natural habitats, SNH）被认为是控害景观的关键组成部分，但其对作物害虫和天敌的影响存在高度变异性。而非SNH本身，资源的可获得性（如花粉和花蜜）可能与支持害虫防治更相关。2. 本研究评估了麦田中多种害虫（麦叶甲和蚜虫）及天敌（捕食者和蚜虫寄生蜂）的时空变化，以及它们对景观背景和花卉可获得性的响应。我们将天敌花粉利用的详细信息与花粉提供植物在景观组成和配置梯度上的特定分布相结合。3. 害虫的数量与小麦生育期密切相关：食蚜蝇在季节早期定殖田间，而其他天敌的数量则在季节后期增加。害虫对景观结构的响应存在差异——部分害虫在边缘密度高且SNH覆盖度大的景观中数量较低，但麦长管蚜（Sitobion avenae）的数量与SNH覆盖度呈正相关。草蛉、食蚜蝇和麦叶甲在花卉资源丰富多样的景观中数量较多，而寄生蜂和花蝽属（Nabis sp.）的数量则由蚜虫数量驱动。我们未检测到景观通过天敌对害虫产生的显著间接影响。4. 综合与应用：本研究结果强调，保护生物防治需超越"一刀切"模式，考虑所涉生物的特定生态学特征。边缘密度高且含开花木本植物的景观可能支持天敌（尤其是季节早期定殖田间的食蚜蝇）。控害景观的激励措施应聚焦于定制策略——根据害虫和天敌的生态需求，制定既抑制害虫又增强天敌的方案。