WxEM Wave 5

This report describes the results of a regularly distributed survey of nationwide Emergency Managers (EMs) as part of The Extreme Weather and Emergency Management Survey (WxEM) series. This project aims to send surveys to EMs across the United States three to four times a year, although that frequency may change based on EM and research needs. The Extreme Weather and Emergency Management Survey, Wave 5 (WxEM Wave 5) was designed by the Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis (IPPRA) at the University of Oklahoma and collaborators from John Jay College of Criminal Justice and University of Central Florida. It is the fifth survey in the series. WxEM Wave 5 opened on March 28, 2024, using an online questionnaire and has been completed by 273 EM personnel that were recruited from an IPPRA built database of EMs from across the country (see Wanless et al. 2023a for more info on recruitment). WxEM Wave 5 follows surveys that covered a variety of topics, including: recruitment and demographic information (Wave 1, Wanless et al. 2023b), EM use of severe weather forecast information (Wave 2, Wanless et al. 2023c), compound hazards (hazardous weather events that happen in the same place at the same time) (Wave 3, Wanless et al. 2024b), and EM communication and collaboration with various partners (Wave 4, Stormer et al. 2024b). Wave 5 investigated EM perceptions of equity and how that might impact EM operations. Wave 5 also included questions on EM use of AI and new Storm Prediction Center products. This report presents an overview of the methodology of the survey data collection, and a reproduction of the survey instrument with frequencies for the questions that elicited numeric responses. The University of Oklahoma provided funding for all data collection. NOAA’s Weather Program Office provided funding for survey design and data analysis.

本报告阐述了作为极端天气与应急管理调查（Extreme Weather and Emergency Management Survey，缩写WxEM）系列项目一部分的、针对全国范围内应急管理人员（Emergency Managers，以下简称EM）的常规分发调查结果。本项目计划每年向美国各地的EM分发3至4次调查问卷，不过该频率可根据EM需求与研究需求进行调整。
第五波极端天气与应急管理调查（WxEM Wave 5）作为本系列的第五项研究，由俄克拉荷马大学公共政策研究与分析研究所（Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis，缩写IPPRA）联合约翰·杰伊刑事司法学院与中佛罗里达大学的合作方共同设计。该调查于2024年3月28日以线上问卷形式启动，共有273名EM人员完成了调研，受访者均来自IPPRA搭建的全国EM数据库（有关招募流程的更多细节可参见Wanless等人2023a的研究）。
此前的WxEM系列调查涵盖多类主题，包括：招募情况与人口统计信息（第一波，Wanless等人2023b）、EM对强天气预报信息的使用情况（第二波，Wanless等人2023c）、复合灾害（即在同一地点同时发生的灾害性天气事件，第三波，Wanless等人2024b），以及EM与各类合作伙伴的沟通协作情况（第四波，Stormer等人2024b）。
第五波调查聚焦EM对公平性的认知，以及该认知可能对EM工作运行产生的影响，同时还设置了有关EM使用人工智能（Artificial Intelligence，以下简称AI）以及美国国家风暴预测中心（Storm Prediction Center）新型产品的相关问题。
本报告对调查数据收集的方法进行了概述，并复现了调查问卷工具，同时列出了产生数值型响应的问题的频次分布。俄克拉荷马大学为所有数据收集工作提供了资助，美国国家海洋和大气管理局（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration，缩写NOAA）的天气项目办公室则为调查设计与数据分析提供了资助。