DISCURSIVE ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT PUTS GENDER IDEOLOGY IN ENEM BY PASTOR SILAS MALAFAIA: POLITICAL, NATURE AND HATE SPEECH

Abstract The objective of this work is to analyze, grounded in Discourse Analysis, the text of the video Government puts gender ideology in Enem, by Pastor Silas Malafaia. The video was published on the official page of the religious on Facebook and on his YouTube channel, in November 2015. The controversy over the exam was caused by a question that approached a phrase of the French writer Simone de Beauvoir "One is not born, but rather becomes a woman". In the pastor's text, significant discursive traits emerge: nature’s discourse, political discourse and hate discourse. The discourse of nature assures that gender is determined by biological sex; political discourse attributes the destruction of family values to the leftist parties and to the Federal Government, with electoral propaganda for right-wing conservative parties; the hate speech is manifested in the qualification of leftist supporters and in the wish to annihilate them by Brazilian politics.

摘要 本研究旨在以话语分析（Discourse Analysis）为理论基础，对席拉斯·马拉法亚牧师（Pastor Silas Malafaia）发布的题为《政府将性别意识形态纳入Enem》的视频文本展开分析。该视频于2015年11月分别发布于该宗教人士的官方Facebook页面及其个人YouTube频道。此次Enem考试引发的争议，源于一道引用法国作家西蒙娜·德·波伏瓦（Simone de Beauvoir）名句“女人不是天生的，而是后天形成的”的试题。在该牧师的视频文本中，呈现出三类显著的话语特征：自然话语、政治话语与仇恨话语。其中，自然话语主张性别由生物性别决定；政治话语将家庭价值观的崩塌归咎于左翼政党与巴西联邦政府，并借此为右翼保守派政党开展选举宣传；仇恨言论则体现为对左翼支持者的负面定性，以及借由巴西政坛将其彻底铲除的诉求。