Identifying the origin of false memories: A comparison of DRM and categorised lists.

There is disagreement between memory researchers over whether false memories are caused at encoding or at retrieval. This disagreement is compounded by the fact that different studies have used different experimental procedures to elicit false memories. Two widely used procedures are DRM and category repetition. In the DRM procedure, participants study words that are associates of a nonpresented word (or "critical lure"). For example, "bed", "dream", "pillow", and "snore" are all associates of the critical lure "sleep". When asked to remember the words, participants frequently claim to remember hearing the critical lures. In category repetition, participants study words from semantic categories (eg animals or occupations). When asked to remember the words, participants often falsely remember nonpresented members of the target categories.It has been suggested that the DRM effect is caused by associations made at encoding, whereas the category repetition effect is caused by associations made at retrieval. However, previous research by the PI suggests that the encoding stage is critical in both procedures. The aim of the proposed research is to investigate the effects of experimental manipulations that influence either encoding or retrieval processes. The effects of these manipulations on DRM and category repetition will be compared.

记忆研究者对于错误记忆（false memory）的产生源于编码（encoding）阶段还是提取（retrieval）阶段存在分歧。
这种分歧因不同研究采用不同实验程序诱发错误记忆而进一步加剧。
两种被广泛使用的实验程序为DRM范式和类别重复法（category repetition）。
在DRM范式中，参与者学习的单词均为某个未呈现词（或称“关键诱饵词”，critical lure）的关联词；例如，“床”（bed）、“梦”（dream）、“枕头”（pillow）和“打鼾”（snore）均与关键诱饵词“睡眠”（sleep）相关联。当被要求回忆所学单词时，参与者常常声称听到过这些关键诱饵词。
在类别重复法中，参与者学习来自语义类别的单词（如动物或职业类）；当被要求回忆时，参与者往往会错误回忆起目标类别中未呈现过的成员。
有观点认为，DRM效应源于编码阶段形成的关联，而类别重复效应则源于提取阶段形成的关联。
然而，项目负责人（PI，Principal Investigator）此前的研究表明，编码阶段在这两种实验程序中均起着关键作用。
本拟开展研究的目的是探究影响编码或提取过程的实验操纵效应，并比较这些操纵对DRM范式和类别重复法的影响差异。