Crime Survey for England and Wales, 2018-2019

<p><i>Background</i>:<br> The <i>Crime Survey for England and Wales</i> (CSEW), previously known as the <i>British Crime Survey</i> (BCS), has been in existence since 1981. The survey traditionally asks a sole randomly selected adult, in a random sample of households, details pertaining to any instances where they, or the household, has been a victim of a crime in the previous 12 months. These are recorded in the victim form data file (VF). A wide range of questions are then asked covering demographics and crime-related subjects such as attitudes to the police and the criminal justice system (CJS). Most of the questionnaire is completed in a face-to-face interview in the respondent's home; these variables are contained within the non-victim form (NVF) data file. Since 2009, the survey has been extended to children aged 10-15 years old; one resident of that age range has also been selected at random from the household and asked about incidents where they have been a victim of crime, and other related topics. The first set of children's data, covering January-December 2009, had experimental status, and is held separately under SN 6601. From 2009-2010, the children's data cover the same period as the adult data and are included with the main dataset. Further information may be found on the ONS <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/surveys/informationforhouseholdsandindividuals/householdandindividualsurveys/crimesurveyforenglandandwales" title="Crime Survey for England and Wales">Crime Survey for England and Wales</a> web page and for the previous BCS, from the GOV.UK <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/british-crime-survey-methodology" title="BCS Methodology">BCS Methodology</a> web page.<br><i><br>Self-completion data<br></i>A series of questions on drinking behaviour, drug use, self-offending, gangs and personal security, and intimate personal violence (IPV) (including stalking and sexual victimisation) are administered to adults via a self-completion module which the respondent completes on a laptop computer. Children aged 10-15 years also complete a separate self-completion questionnaire. The questions are contained within the main questionnaire documents, but the data are not available with the main survey; they are available only under Secure Access conditions (see SN 7280). <br><i><br>Geographic variables</i>:<br>From 2008-2009, low-level geographic variables are available under Secure Access conditions to match to the survey/ From 2011-2012 onwards, further lower-level geographic variables are also available under Secure Access conditions.<br><i><br>History</i>:<br>Up to 2001, the survey was conducted biennially. From April 2001, interviewing was carried out continually and reported on in financial year cycles and the crime reference period was altered to accommodate this change. The core sample size has increased from around 11,000 in the earlier cycles to over 46,000 up until 2011/12 where it was then reduced to 35,000. Following the National Statistician's Review of Crime Statistics in June 2011 the collation and publication of Crime Statistics moved to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) from 1st April 2012, and the survey changed its name to the <i>Crime Survey for England and Wales</i> (CSEW) accordingly.<br><i><br>Scottish data</i>:<br>The 1982 and 1988 BCS waves were also conducted in Scotland. The England and Wales data for 1982 and 1988 are held at the UKDA under SNs 1869 and 2706, but the Scottish data for these studies are held separately under SNs 4368 and 4599. Since 1993, separate <i>Scottish Crime and Justice Surveys</i> have been conducted, and these are held under GN 33330.<br><br><span style="font-style: italic;">New methodology for capping the number of incidents from 2017-18<br></span>The CSEW datasets available from 2017-18 onward are based upon a new methodology of capping the number of incidents at the 98th percentile. Incidence variables names have remained consistent with previously supplied data but due to the fact they are based on the new 98th percentile cap, and old data sets are not, comparability has been lost with previous years. More information can be found in the 2017-18 User Guide and the article ‘Improving victimisation estimates derived from the Crime Survey for England and Wales’. ONS intend to publish all micro data back to 1981 with incident data based on the 98th percentile cap later in 2019.</p>

<i>背景</i>:<br>《英格兰与威尔士犯罪调查》（Crime Survey for England and Wales，CSEW）前身为《英国犯罪调查》（British Crime Survey，BCS），自1981年起正式开展。该调查传统流程为：在随机抽取的家庭中选取1名成年受访者，询问其本人或家庭在过去12个月内遭遇犯罪的相关细节，此类数据将被收录至受害人表单数据集（Victim Form，VF）。随后调查将涵盖多维度问题，包括人口统计特征及与犯罪相关的议题，例如对警方与刑事司法系统（Criminal Justice System，CJS）的态度等。大部分问卷通过受访者家中的面对面访谈完成，相关变量被收录于非受害人表单数据集（Non-Victim Form，NVF）。<br>自2009年起，调查范围扩展至10至15岁的儿童群体：从抽中的家庭中随机选取1名该年龄段居民，询问其遭遇犯罪及其他相关议题的情况。2009年全年的首份儿童调查数据处于实验性阶段，以序列号SN 6601单独存储。2009-2010年度起，儿童调查数据与成人调查数据覆盖周期一致，并纳入主数据集。更多相关信息可查阅英国国家统计局（Office for National Statistics，ONS）的<a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/surveys/informationforhouseholdsandindividuals/householdandindividualsurveys/crimesurveyforenglandandwales" title="Crime Survey for England and Wales">英格兰与威尔士犯罪调查</a>官方页面，以及英国政府官网（GOV.UK）的<a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/british-crime-survey-methodology" title="BCS Methodology">英国犯罪调查方法学</a>页面。<br><i><br>自填式数据<br></i>针对成年受访者，将通过笔记本电脑完成的自填模块，收集一系列关于饮酒行为、药物使用、自我伤害、帮派问题、个人安全，以及亲密伴侣暴力（Intimate Personal Violence，IPV，包括跟踪骚扰与性侵害）的问题。10至15岁的儿童也需完成独立的自填问卷。相关问题收录于主问卷文档中，但数据未随主调查一并公开，仅可通过安全访问权限获取（详见序列号SN 7280）。<br><i><br>地理变量<br></i>:<br>2008-2009年度起，低层级地理变量可通过安全访问权限获取，用于匹配调查数据。2011-2012年度及以后，还可通过安全访问权限获取更多低层级地理变量。<br><i><br>发展历程<br></i>:<br>2001年之前，调查每两年开展一次。2001年4月起，访谈改为持续进行，并以财政年度周期发布报告，同时调整犯罪参考周期以适配这一变更。核心样本量从早期周期的约11000份，增长至2011/12年度的46000余份，随后缩减至35000份。2011年6月英国国家统计师开展犯罪统计审查后，犯罪统计的整理与发布工作自2012年4月1日起移交至英国国家统计局（ONS），该调查也因此更名为《英格兰与威尔士犯罪调查》（CSEW）。<br><i><br>苏格兰相关数据<br></i>:<br>1982年与1988年的英国犯罪调查（BCS）波次也曾在苏格兰开展。1982年与1988年的英格兰与威尔士数据以序列号SN 1869和SN 2706存储于英国数据档案馆（UK Data Archive，UKDA），而同期的苏格兰数据则分别以序列号SN 4368与SN 4599单独存储。1993年起，苏格兰开始开展独立的《苏格兰犯罪与司法调查》，相关数据以序列号GN 33330存储。<br><br><span style="font-style: italic;">2017-18年度起采用的事件数量封顶新方法<br></span>2017-18年度及以后发布的CSEW数据集，采用了将事件数量封顶至第98百分位的新方法。发病率变量的命名仍与此前发布的数据保持一致，但由于新数据集基于98百分位封顶规则，而旧数据集并非如此，因此与往年数据已不具备可比性。更多信息可参阅2017-18年度用户指南及文章《改进基于英格兰与威尔士犯罪调查的受害估算》。英国国家统计局（ONS）计划于2019年晚些时候发布所有可追溯至1981年的微观数据，其事件数据均采用98百分位封顶规则。