Characteristics and patterns of inappropriate disposal of construction and demolition waste in the municipality of Cabo Frio, Brazil

Abstract The main objective of this study was to identify and quantify inappropriate disposal of construction and demolition waste (CDW) in Cabo Frio, Brazil. The municipality has areas of environmental preservation and suffers significant environmental impacts due to the large flow of tourists and the inappropriate disposal of CDW. Data collection, carried out from June to September-2019, covered eighteen neighborhoods. 179 inadequate CDW disposal points were detected corresponding to a volume of approximately 448.75m3. The results were grouped by neighbourhood, kind of disposal place and CDW type. Pareto diagrams were also presented to help define priority neighborhoods for inappropriate disposal reducing actions. There was inappropriate disposal in areas of ecological, landscape or scientific interest, over drainage places, on public roads or sidewalks, and on vacant lots. Besides analysing the disposal characteristics and suggesting actions to solve the problem, a methodology for surveying of inappropriate disposal of CDW was proposed, including a method for the rough calculation of CDW volumes. The development of a smartphone application is another contribution that can facilitate data registration and assist decision making. Although the research focuses on a Brazilian municipality, the same work can be expanded to other municipalities in the world.

摘要 本研究的核心目标为识别并量化巴西卡布弗里乌（Cabo Frio）的建筑与拆除废弃物（construction and demolition waste, CDW）违规处置行为。该市拥有多处生态保护区，同时因游客流量庞大以及CDW违规处置问题，正承受着严重的环境负面影响。本次数据采集工作于2019年6月至9月间开展，覆盖全市18个街区。研究共侦测到179处CDW违规处置点位，对应废弃物总体积约为448.75立方米。研究结果按街区、处置场所类型以及CDW类别进行了分组整理，此外还绘制了帕累托图（Pareto diagrams），用于辅助确定需优先开展违规处置整治工作的街区。违规处置行为分布于生态、景观或科学保护区域、排水设施上方、公共道路及人行道，以及空置地块之上。本研究在分析CDW违规处置特征并提出问题解决方案的同时，还提出了一套CDW违规处置调查方法，其中包含一种CDW体积的粗略估算方法。开发一款智能手机应用程序亦是本研究的另一项贡献，该工具可简化数据登记流程并辅助决策制定。尽管本研究仅聚焦于巴西一座城市，但其研究思路可推广至全球其他地区的城市。