CG, CS and FP

The study uses secondary data extracted from the firm’s annual report from 2010 to 2020 from the African financial.com website. The population of the study is all firm in Sub-Saharan Africa. The data is screened to obtain 70 listed companies with readily available data on the study’s variable. These companies are sampled from seven (7) countries: 9 listed companies in Ghana, 9 listed companies in Nigeria, 25 listed companies s in South Africa, 15 listed firms in Kenya and 8 listed companies in Mauritius, three (3) listed firms from Tanzania and one (1) listed company in Botswana.

本研究采用的二手数据（secondary data）来源于African financial.com网站2010至2020年的企业年度报告。研究总体为撒哈拉以南非洲地区的所有企业。通过数据筛选，最终获得70家上市公司，其研究变量数据可直接获取。这些企业样本来自7个国家：加纳9家、尼日利亚9家、南非25家、肯尼亚15家、毛里求斯8家、坦桑尼亚3家、博茨瓦纳1家。