Lupinus digitatus genome and annotation

Lupins are underutilized legume plants with protein-rich seeds, thus offering a valuable source of plant-based dietary protein. However, lupins are the least characterized legume group due to the scarcity of genomic resources and are weakly supported as a sister clade to the remaining core papilionoids. We report the first whole genome sequences two wild lupin species: Lupinus cosetninii (2n = 32), which is native to the Mediterranean coast and has been successfully domesticated in Australia, and L. digitatus (2n = 36), which is native to the pan-Saharan region. Both species are well adapted to drought-prone environments and offer promising genomic resources to enhance the utilization of lupin diversity in the development of sustainable and climate-friendly crops. The two species can also be crossed, which will facilitate their utilization and indicates the potential for gene flow between them. In contrast to previous reports, our results indicate that both species are tetraploids, excluding the presence of aneuploidy. The comparison of these lupin species enhances our fundamental knowledge about the lupin genome and provides novel resources for crop improvement.

羽扇豆属（Lupin）植物是一类尚未被充分开发利用的豆科植物，其种子富含蛋白质，是极具价值的植物性膳食蛋白来源。然而，受限于基因组资源匮乏，羽扇豆是目前研究程度最低的豆科类群，且其作为其余核心蝶形花亚科（Papilionoideae）植物姊妹演化支的观点支持度较弱。我们首次报道了两种野生羽扇豆的全基因组序列：分别是原产于地中海沿岸、已在澳大利亚成功驯化的Lupinus cosetninii（2n = 32），以及原产于泛撒哈拉地区的L. digitatus（2n = 36）。两种羽扇豆均能良好适应干旱频发的生境，可为提升羽扇豆多样性在可持续、气候友好型作物培育中的利用价值提供极具前景的基因组资源。这两个物种还可进行杂交，这将推动其开发利用，并证实二者之间存在基因交流的潜力。与此前的研究报道不同，我们的结果显示两种羽扇豆均为四倍体，不存在非整倍性现象。对这两种羽扇豆的比较研究，能够加深我们对羽扇豆基因组的基础认知，并为作物遗传改良提供全新的研究资源。