Citizens' Pulse 6/2023

The Citizens' Pulse surveys examine Finnish attitudes and opinions in the context of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Main themes in the surveys include the activity and communication of authorities, compliance with regulations, future expectations, trust, and the respondents' own state of mind. This collection round also included questions on the Russian invasion of Ukraine and societal issues that the Finnish government should address. The sixth collection round of 2023 surveyed the respondents' trust in other people and various institutions (e.g. the Finnish Government, the health care system, the media, and the Finnish Defence Forces). The respondents' state of mind was examined with questions on various matters relating to health, well-being, and their situation in life. The questions covered, for example, the respondents' own mental well-being, whether they were worried about the adequacy of their income, their confidence in their future, and experiences of stress. Additionally, the respondents were asked to evaluate whether an atmosphere of crisis prevailed amongst Finns and whether Finland's NATO membership had affected their sense of safety. The respondents' views were investigated on which societal issues (e.g. promotion of climate action, national defence, poverty reduction, effective healthcare, operating conditions of businesses and investment opportunities) the Finnish government should focus on in the near future. Opinions on whether Finland's national debt should be reduced regardless of the resulting cuts in benefits and welfare it would entail for Finnish citizens and whether social security cuts can be considered acceptable if they provide an incentive to take up work and increase employment were also surveyed. The next set of questions focused on the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The respondents were asked how concerned they were about the crisis in Ukraine and its effects and whether they were concerned that the war might expand beyond Ukraine. Opinions on the economic sanctions imposed on Russia by the EU and whether Finland should be ready to receive significant numbers of refugees from Ukraine if necessary were charted. Additionally, the respondents were asked whether the uncertainty caused by the crisis in Ukraine had impacted the respondents' consumer behaviour and whether the recent rise in interest rates had created financial difficulties for the respondents' households. The respondents were also asked whether they had noticed any cyber security issues or instances where purposefully misleading claims based on misinformation were spread on social media or online over the previous month. Background variables included the language responded in, the respondent's gender, age group, NUTS3 region of residence, highest level of education, household composition, and perceived financial situation of household.

公民脉搏调查旨在考察新冠疫情（COVID-19）背景下芬兰民众的态度与意见。调查核心主题包括当局的行动与沟通、法规遵守情况、未来预期、信任度及受访者自身的心理状态。本轮调查还纳入了关于俄罗斯入侵乌克兰及芬兰政府应解决的社会问题的提问。2023年第六轮调查重点询问了受访者对他人及各类机构（如芬兰政府、医疗体系、媒体和芬兰国防军）的信任度。受访者的心理状态通过涉及健康、福祉及生活状况的各类问题进行考察，涵盖内容包括自身心理健康、对收入充足性的担忧、对未来的信心及压力体验等。此外，受访者需评估芬兰民众中是否普遍存在危机氛围，以及芬兰加入北约是否影响了其安全感。调查还收集了受访者对芬兰政府近期应重点关注的社会问题（如气候行动推进、国防、减贫、高效医疗、企业经营环境及投资机会）的看法，包括是否应削减芬兰国债（即使这会导致公民福利减少），以及若社会保障削减能激励就业和提高就业率是否可被接受的观点。

下一组问题聚焦于俄罗斯入侵乌克兰，受访者被问及对乌克兰危机及其影响的担忧程度，以及是否担心战争可能蔓延至乌克兰境外。同时，调查记录了受访者对欧盟对俄实施经济制裁的看法，以及芬兰是否应准备好在必要时接收大量乌克兰难民的意见。此外，受访者还需回答乌克兰危机引发的不确定性是否影响了其消费行为、近期利率上升是否给家庭带来财务困难，以及前一个月是否注意到任何网络安全（cyber security）问题或社交媒体/网络上传播基于错误信息的故意误导性言论的情况。

背景变量包括应答语言、受访者性别、年龄组、NUTS3居住区域、最高教育水平、家庭构成及家庭感知财务状况。