Table_1_Measuring resilience for Chinese-speaking populations: a systematic review of Chinese resilience scales.docx

IntroductionDespite the rapid growth of interdisciplinary resilience research in Chinese contexts, no study has systematically reviewed individual-level measurement scales for Chinese-speaking populations. We report a systematic review of scales developed for or translated/adapted to Chinese-speaking contexts, where we assessed how widely used scales fare in terms of their psychometric qualities.
MethodsStudies included in this review must have been published in peer-reviewed English or Chinese journals between 2015-2020 and included self-reported resilience scales in Chinese-speaking populations. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, CNKI (completed in May 2021), and PubMed (completed in January 2024). We developed coding schemes for extracting relevant data and adapted and applied an existing evaluation framework to assess the most frequently used resilience scales by seven methodological criteria.
ResultsAnalyses of 963 qualified studies suggested that Chinese resilience scales were used in a diverse range of study contexts. Among 85 unique kinds of resilience measures, we highlighted and evaluated the three most frequently used translated scales and three locally developed scales (nine scales in total including variations such as short forms). In short, resilience studies in Chinese contexts relied heavily on the translated 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, which scored moderately on the overall quality. The locally developed Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents and Essential Resilience Scale received the best ratings but could use further development.
DiscussionWe discussed how future work may advance widely used scales, and specified seven methodological recommendations for future resilience scale development with existing and new scales in and beyond the Chinese study contexts. We further addressed issues and challenges in measuring resilience as a process and called on researchers to further develop/evaluate process measures for Chinese-speaking populations.

引言（Introduction）：尽管跨学科的华语语境心理韧性研究发展迅猛，但目前尚无研究针对华语人群的个体层面心理韧性测量量表开展系统综述。本研究针对专为华语人群开发或经翻译/调适后适用于华语语境的量表开展系统综述，评估当前广泛使用的量表在心理测量学特性方面的表现。
研究方法（Methods）：本综述纳入的研究需满足：2015-2020年间发表于同行评议的英文或中文期刊，且包含针对华语人群的自陈式心理韧性量表。检索工作分别在PsycINFO数据库、中国知网（CNKI，检索完成于2021年5月）以及PubMed数据库（检索完成于2024年1月）中完成。本研究制定了用于提取相关数据的编码方案，并改编并应用了一套现有评估框架，从7项方法学标准出发对使用频次最高的心理韧性量表进行评估。
结果（Results）：对963项合格研究的分析表明，华语语境下的心理韧性研究应用场景涵盖多个领域。在85种独特的心理韧性测量工具中，本研究重点评估了3种使用频次最高的翻译类量表与3种本土开发量表（共计9种量表，包含简式等衍生版本）。简言之，华语语境下的心理韧性研究高度依赖经翻译的25项版康纳-戴维森心理韧性量表（Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale），该量表的整体质量评分处于中等水平。本土开发的中国青少年心理韧性量表与核心心理韧性量表获得了最高评分，但仍有待进一步完善。
讨论（Discussion）：本研究探讨了未来可如何优化当前广泛使用的量表，并针对华语及其他研究语境下现有与新型心理韧性量表的开发，提出了7项方法学建议。此外，本研究还讨论了将心理韧性作为一种过程进行测量时面临的问题与挑战，并呼吁研究者进一步针对华语人群开发/评估过程导向的心理韧性测量工具。