Data.

Pomegranate production in Siab (Lorestan), Iran, faces significant challenges related to high energy consumption and environmental degradation, particularly due to inefficient use of agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, water and machinery. These inefficiencies contribute to increased greenhouse gas emissions and higher production costs, making optimization efforts essential for sustainable development. This study investigated the optimization of energy consumption and the reduction of environmental impacts in pomegranate production using a combination of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Data were collected through interviews with farmers and agricultural experts in the region, supported by structured questionnaires. The research evaluated several energy indicators, including an energy ratio of 2.14, which indicates that every unit of energy input yields more than double in output—comparable to other fruit crops like apple or citrus, which typically range between 1.5 and 3.0. Energy productivity was found to be 1.12 kgMJ-1, meaning 1.12 kilograms of pomegranate are produced per megajoule of energy consumed, while specific energy was calculated at 0.89 MJkg ⁻ ¹, showing relatively efficient energy use compared to similar horticultural crops. Net energy gain was 17,142.33 MJha ⁻ ¹, with total energy consumption at 15,211.04 MJha ⁻ ¹ and an energy output of 32,353.38 MJha ⁻ ¹. Economic analysis revealed a gross value of 9,081.64 USDha ⁻ ¹, fixed costs of 204.44 USDha ⁻ ¹, and gross revenue of 8,059.42 USDha ⁻ ¹, resulting in a benefit-to-cost ratio of 0.83. LCA results showed that optimized practices significantly reduced environmental impacts across most of the 15 intermediate environmental indicators analyzed. For instance, global warming potential was reduced from 40.563 kg CO₂ eq per ton of pomegranate under conventional methods to 35.975 kg CO₂ eq with optimized practices. DEA under the Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) model revealed that 66.68% of the surveyed orchards operated at 100% technical efficiency. The average technical efficiency across all units was estimated at 98.96%. The remaining 33.32% of orchards were identified as technically inefficient. Scale efficiency averaged at 99.39%, suggesting that most farms operate near optimal size.

伊朗洛雷斯坦省锡阿卜地区的石榴生产面临高能耗与环境退化相关的严峻挑战，其中尤以肥料、水资源及农机等农业投入品利用效率低下问题最为突出。此类效率低下问题会加剧温室气体排放并推高生产成本，因此开展优化工作对该地区的可持续发展至关重要。本研究结合数据包络分析（Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA）与生命周期评价（Life Cycle Assessment, LCA）两种方法，对石榴生产中的能耗优化与环境影响减排展开了调研。研究数据通过对该地区农户与农业专家的访谈收集获得，辅以结构化问卷作为支撑。本研究评估了多项能源指标，其中能源比为2.14，即每单位能源投入可获得两倍以上的产出，这一水平与苹果、柑橘等其他果树作物相当，此类作物的能源比通常介于1.5至3.0之间。研究测得能源生产率为1.12 kg·MJ⁻¹，即每消耗1兆焦能源可生产1.12千克石榴；单位能耗经计算为0.89 MJ·kg⁻¹，相较同类园艺作物而言，该地区石榴生产的能源利用效率相对较高。净能源收益为17142.33 MJ·ha⁻¹，总能耗为15211.04 MJ·ha⁻¹，能源总产出为32353.38 MJ·ha⁻¹。经济分析结果显示，单位面积总产值为9081.64美元·ha⁻¹，固定成本为204.44美元·ha⁻¹，总收入为8059.42美元·ha⁻¹，最终得到的效益成本比为0.83。生命周期评价结果显示，优化后的生产模式可显著降低所分析的15项中间环境指标中的多数指标对应的环境影响。例如，传统生产模式下每吨石榴的全球变暖潜势为40.563 kg CO₂当量，而采用优化生产模式后可降至35.975 kg CO₂当量。基于可变规模报酬（Variable Returns to Scale, VRS）模型的数据包络分析结果显示，66.68%的受访果园实现了100%的技术效率，所有受访单元的平均技术效率经测算为98.96%。剩余33.32%的果园被判定为技术无效率。规模效率的平均值为99.39%，表明多数农场的经营规模接近最优水平。