Supplementary Material for: Microinflammation in Hemodialysis Patients Is Associated with Increased CD14+CD16+ Pro-Inflammatory Monocytes: Possible Modification by On-Line Hemodiafiltration

Background: An increased percentage of pro-inflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocytes might contribute to inflammation in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possible contribution of pro-inflammatory monocytes to inflammation in HD patients and also to evaluate the effect of on-line hemodiafiltration (HDF). Methods: Flow cytometric detection of monocytes in patients undergoing HD, on-line HDF and healthy controls as well as plasma cytokines and cytokine mRNA measurement were performed. Results: Percent pro-inflammatory monocytes, plasma cytokines and cytokine mRNA significantly increased in HD patients. Intracellular cytokine staining showed pro-inflammatory monocytes were the predominant source of tumor necrosis factor-α. Percent pro-inflammatory monocytes positively correlated with plasma inflammatory cytokines. Percent pro-inflammatory monocytes, plasma cytokines and cytokine mRNA significantly decreased in on-line HDF patients. Conclusion: Increased pro-inflammatory monocytes are likely to contribute to inflammation in HD patients, and beneficial effect of on-line HDF might be partially mediated by modulating the inflammatory response.

背景：促炎型CD14+CD16+单核细胞比例升高可能与血液透析（HD）患者的炎症反应相关。本研究旨在评估促炎型CD14+单核细胞对HD患者炎症反应的潜在影响，同时探讨在线血液透析滤过（HDF）的干预效应。
方法：本研究对接受HD、在线HDF治疗的患者及健康对照者的单核细胞进行流式细胞术检测，并开展血浆细胞因子及细胞因子mRNA水平检测。
结果：HD患者的促炎型单核细胞比例、血浆细胞因子水平及细胞因子mRNA水平均显著升高。胞内细胞因子染色结果显示，促炎型单核细胞是肿瘤坏死因子-α的主要来源。促炎型单核细胞比例与血浆炎症因子水平呈显著正相关。接受在线HDF治疗的患者的促炎型单核细胞比例、血浆细胞因子水平及细胞因子mRNA水平均显著降低。
结论：促炎型单核细胞比例升高可能是HD患者发生炎症反应的重要诱因，而在线HDF的有益效应可能部分通过调控炎症反应实现。