GroMoPo Metadata for Salalah Coastal Aquifer model

A three-dimensional numerical model for flow and solute transport was used for the management of the Salalah aquifer. The model calibration procedures consisted of calibrating the aquifer system hydraulic parameters by history matching under steady and transient conditions. The history of input and output of the aquifer were reconstructed in a transient calibration from 1993 to 2005. Predictive simulation of the aquifer was carried out under transient conditions to predict the future demand of groundwater supply for the next 15 years. A baseline scenario was worked out to obtain the piezometric surface and salinity distribution for the \"business as usual\" conditions of the aquifer. The \"business as usual\" scenario was predicted and simulated for the period 2006 until 2020. The effectiveness of seven management options was proposed and assessed for comparison with the \"business as usual\" conditions. The established simulation model was used to predict the distribution of the piezometric surface, salinity distribution, and mass balance under the proposed scenarios for the prediction period 2006-2020. The scenarios were: (1) relocate Garziz and MAF farms far from the freshwater zone, (2) suspend the abstraction of grass production for 4 months a year, (3) changes in agricultural and irrigation system patterns, (4) establish a desalination plant, (5) combined scenario (1 + 4), (6) combined scenario (1 + 3), and (7) combining all scenarios (1 + 2 + 3 + 4). The result of the simulation shows that the best effective option in terms of aquifer groundwater levels is the fifth proposed scenario and the sixth proposed scenario is the best effective option in terms of aquifer groundwater salinity situation during the next 15 years. This project suggested the application of scenario 6 as it is environmentally sound in terms of sustainable management. A prediction has been made which shows that further actions have to be taken within the next two decades to ensure continuity of the municipal water supply. The management scenarios are examined in the case of the Salalah coastal aquifer using groundwater simulation, which can also be applied to other regions with similar conditions. The established model is considered a reasonable representation of the physical conditions of the Salalah plain aquifer, and can be used as a tool by the water and environmental authorities in the management of the groundwater in the region.

本研究采用水流与溶质运移三维数值模型，用于塞拉莱含水层（Salalah aquifer）的管理工作。模型校准流程采用稳态与瞬态条件下的历史拟合方法，对含水层系统的水力参数进行率定。本次瞬态校准以1993年至2005年为时段，重建了该含水层的输入与输出历史数据。基于瞬态条件开展含水层预测模拟，以推演未来15年的地下水供水需求态势。本研究构建了基准情景，以获取该含水层在常规情景（business as usual）下的测压水位面与盐度分布特征。针对2006年至2020年时段，对该常规情景开展预测模拟。研究提出并评估了7种管理方案的有效性，以与常规情景进行对比分析。针对2006年至2020年的预测时段，利用已构建的模拟模型，对各拟定情景下的测压水位分布、盐度分布及质量平衡情况进行预测。拟定情景如下：(1) 将加尔齐兹（Garziz）与MAF农场搬迁至远离淡水区的位置；(2) 每年暂停4个月的牧草生产取水；(3) 调整农业与灌溉系统模式；(4) 建设海水淡化厂；(5) 情景1+4组合方案；(6) 情景1+3组合方案；(7) 情景1+2+3+4全组合方案。模拟结果显示：在未来15年中，针对含水层地下水位而言，第5种拟定方案效果最优；针对含水层地下水盐度状况而言，第6种拟定方案效果最优。本研究建议采用第6种方案，因其在可持续管理层面具备环境友好性。预测结果同时表明，未来20年内需采取进一步措施，以保障城市供水的可持续性。本次以塞拉莱滨海含水层为研究案例，通过地下水模拟方法对各类管理情景进行分析，该方法同样可推广至其他条件相似的区域。已构建的模拟模型能够合理反映塞拉莱平原含水层的物理特性，可作为该区域水利与环境主管部门开展地下水管理工作的辅助工具。