Supplementary Material for: Systematic Review of the Epidemiology of Urinary Incontinence and Detrusor Overactivity among Patients with Neurogenic Overactive Bladder

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The prevalence and incidence of neurogenic overactive bladder (nOAB) are poorly defined. This systematic literature review identified nOAB epidemiological data and estimated the incidence and prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and detrusor overactivity (DO) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke and spina bifida. An initial search of MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane library was supplemented by an internet search for grey literature and manual searching of the bibliographies of retrieved articles. Additional study selection identified comparable studies for statistical analysis. A descriptive statistical analysis, single-arm meta-analysis and stratified analysis were conducted using predefined criteria. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Initial selection identified 189 articles containing prevalence data. Secondary selection for statistical analysis identified 39 and 52 articles with prevalence of UI and DO, respectively. Random-effect meta-analysis found the prevalence of UI was 50.9% in patients with MS, 52.3% with SCI, 33.1% with PD and 23.6% with stroke. Spina bifida was excluded due to insufficient data. The prevalence of DO may be biased and artificially elevated because it can only be measured with urodynamic investigations. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> A substantial proportion of patients with neurological conditions develop UI that may be attributable to nOAB.

**背景**：神经源性膀胱过度活动症（neurogenic overactive bladder, nOAB）的患病率与发病率尚未明确。本系统文献综述梳理了nOAB相关流行病学数据，并估算了多发性硬化（multiple sclerosis, MS）、脊髓损伤（spinal cord injury, SCI）、帕金森病（Parkinson's disease, PD）、脑卒中及脊柱裂患者的尿失禁（urinary incontinence, UI）与逼尿肌过度活动（detrusor overactivity, DO）的发病率与患病率。本研究初步检索了MEDLINE、Embase、PubMed及Cochrane图书馆，并辅以互联网检索灰色文献及人工检索已获取文献的参考文献列表。经二次研究筛选，获得可用于统计学分析的可比文献。基于预设标准开展描述性统计分析、单臂meta分析及分层分析。
**总结**：初步纳入189篇包含患病率数据的文献。经二次筛选用于统计学分析后，分别纳入39篇与尿失禁患病率相关、52篇与逼尿肌过度活动患病率相关的文献。采用随机效应模型开展meta分析结果显示，多发性硬化患者尿失禁患病率为50.9%，脊髓损伤患者为52.3%，帕金森病患者为33.1%，脑卒中患者为23.6%。脊柱裂相关数据因样本不足被排除。由于逼尿肌过度活动仅能通过尿动力学检查进行检测，其患病率可能存在偏倚且被人为高估。
**核心结论**：多数神经系统疾病患者会出现尿失禁，其病因可能为神经源性膀胱过度活动症。