Borders and smuggling: ethnography of merchandise trade-imitations in the Border Space of Atacama-Lípez (EFAL) (Chile and Bolivia)

Abtsract The purpose of the text is to visualize contemporary forms and processes related to the circulation of people and things that participate in the trade and smuggling of merchandise-imitations from East Asia into the EFAL (Chile and Bolivia). Historically, such dynamics are linked to the rise and economic incorporation of marginalized social groups due to the colonial imprint of capitalism, market and state in our Region, being sanctioned simultaneously with a diffuse and/or criminal character for evading state taxation and laws international copyright It is observed that such practices [re] produce new geographies from the articulations between the Asian mega-economies and South America since 1970, allowing, on the one hand, that local populations intervene in part to control the symbols associated with the things that are mobilized for this; and a series of transformations and spatial, sociopolitical, cognitive and multi-scalar cultural rearrangements, on the other.

摘要 本研究旨在可视化参与仿制品商品贸易与走私活动的人员与物品的流转过程及其当代形态，此类活动覆盖从东亚向EFAL（智利与玻利维亚）的仿制品商品流转。从历史维度而言，此类动态与边缘社会群体的崛起及经济融入进程紧密相关——这源于本地区资本主义、市场与国家体系的殖民印记；同时，此类行为因逃避国家税收与国际版权法规，会被以兼具模糊性与刑事属性的方式予以惩处。研究表明，自1970年以来，伴随亚洲巨型经济体与南美洲的联动协作，此类实践（重新）催生了全新的地理空间格局：一方面，当地民众可部分介入管控与流转物品相关的符号体系；另一方面，也引发了一系列空间、社会政治、认知层面的变革，以及多尺度文化重构。