Table_1_Adult Chinese Spanish L2ers’ acquisition of phi-agreement and temporal concord: The role of morphosyntactic features and adverb/subject-verb distance.DOCX

IntroductionWhile phi-agreement and concord are suggested to differ in nature during the first language (L1) acquisition, the acquisition of adverb-verb TC and SV person/number agreement by Chinese Spanish second language (L2) learners has only received limited attention. The current study examined morphosyntactic processing by advanced Chinese Spanish L2 learners (L2ers), whose L1 lacks the explicit morphological marking of tense and phi-agreement.
MethodChinese Spanish L2ers and native Spanish speakers were asked to complete a self-paced grammaticality judgment task, where the grammaticality of adverb-verb TC and SV person/number agreement as well as the adverb/subject-verb distance were manipulated.
ResultsFor both native Spanish speakers and L2ers, SV agreement violations are detected earlier and judged more accurately than adverb-verb TC violations. Furthermore, L2ers process SV number agreement less efficiently than SV person agreement (but as efficiently as adverb-verb TC). And there is no influence of the adverb/subject-verb distance on the processing of verbal inflection.
ConclusionsThis study suggests that advanced Chinese Spanish L2ers tend to use native-like cognitive mechanisms for phi-agreement and concord computations, though their sensitivity to agreement violations may be further influenced by the morphosyntactic feature involved.

引言 尽管已有研究表明，在第一语言（L1）习得过程中，φ一致（phi-agreement）与协一致（concord）的本质存在差异，但针对以汉语为母语的西班牙语第二语言（L2）学习者在副词-动词TC与主语-动词（SV）人称/数一致方面的习得研究仍较为有限。本研究考察了高级汉语母语西班牙语L2学习者的形态句法加工能力，这类学习者的母语（汉语）缺乏明确的时态与φ一致形态标记。
方法 本研究招募高级汉语母语西班牙语L2学习者与西班牙语母语者，要求其完成自定步长语法判断任务。该任务中，我们对副词-动词TC与主语-动词（SV）人称/数一致的语法正确性，以及副词/主语与动词之间的距离均进行了操控。
结果 无论是西班牙语母语者还是L2学习者，对主语-动词一致违规的检测均早于副词-动词TC违规，且判断准确性更高。此外，L2学习者加工主语-动词数一致的效率低于主语-动词人称一致（但与副词-动词TC的加工效率相当），且副词/主语与动词的距离对动词屈折加工无显著影响。
结论 本研究表明，高级汉语母语西班牙语L2学习者在φ一致与协一致的计算中，倾向于使用与母语者相似的认知机制，尽管其对一致违规的敏感度可能会受到所涉及形态句法特征的进一步影响。