Supplementary information files for "Exploring sleepiness and stress among London bus drivers: An on-road observational study"

Supplementary files for article "Exploring sleepiness and stress among London bus drivers: An on-road observational study"Bus driver sleepiness is commonplace but often goes unreported within the industry. Whilst past research has begun to shed a light on the prevalence, potential causes, and consequences of bus driver sleepiness, this is often done using self-report methods. This is the first study to investigate sleepiness amongst city bus drivers on-road using a live bus route with drivers’ regular schedules. A total of 16 participants completed two drives of their regular bus route once during an early morning shift and once during a daytime shift whilst physiological and self-report measures of sleep and stress were taken. Prior to these drives, drivers recorded their sleep in a diary and wore an actigraph to obtain objective sleep measures. Results showed that most drivers did not obtain sufficient sleep prior to early morning shifts, and often did not obtain as much sleep as they would need in order to feel rested before work. Sleepiness and stress were observed in both shifts. During early morning shifts sleepiness was likely a result of working during circadian lows and not obtaining enough sleep prior to the shift. In contrast, sleepiness during the daytime shift was likely a result of completing a highly demanding task in complex traffic which not only contributed to fatigue, but also led to increased levels of stress. As well as demonstrating the prevalence of sleepiness amongst bus drivers, these findings show that the causes of sleepiness can be multifaceted and often come about due to a combination of work and personal factors. In addition, the experience of sleepiness is not the same for all drivers, with individual differences in the experience of sleepiness playing a large role. These differences highlight the need for individualised interventions which should be considered by policymakers alongside the combination of causal factors within a larger systems approach.© The Authors, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

论文《伦敦公交司机嗜睡与压力状况的道路现场观察研究》补充材料。公交司机嗜睡现象在行业内十分普遍，但往往未被上报记录。过往研究虽已逐步揭示公交司机嗜睡的流行现状、潜在诱因与不良后果，但此类研究大多依赖自我报告法。本研究为首次采用公交司机日常运营的真实线路与排班方案，开展道路现场嗜睡状况调查的研究。共有16名受试者参与本研究，他们分别在早班时段与白班时段各完成一次日常公交运营线路驾驶，期间同步采集睡眠与压力的生理指标及自我报告数据。正式驾驶测试前，受试者需通过睡眠日记记录睡眠情况，并佩戴活动记录仪（actigraph）以获取客观睡眠监测数据。研究结果显示，多数公交司机在早班上岗前未获得充足睡眠，且往往无法达到工作前保持清醒状态所需的睡眠时长。两种排班时段中均观测到嗜睡与压力水平升高的情况。早班时段的嗜睡症状大概率源于作业时段处于人体昼夜节律低谷期，且上岗前睡眠不足。与之相对，白班时段的嗜睡则可能是因为在复杂交通环境中完成高负荷驾驶任务，该任务不仅加剧了疲劳感，还导致压力水平上升。本研究不仅证实了公交司机群体嗜睡问题的普遍性，同时表明嗜睡诱因具有多面性，通常由工作与个人因素共同作用导致。此外，不同司机的嗜睡体验存在显著个体差异，该差异对嗜睡症状的表现影响显著。上述个体差异提示，需制定个性化干预方案；政策制定者在制定相关策略时，应结合系统论方法综合考量各类诱因。© The Authors, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0