Table_1_A Systematic Review on the Effects of Plant-Feeding by Omnivorous Arthropods: Time to Catch-Up With the Mirid-Tomato Bias?.xlsx

Zoophytophagous (omnivorous) predators provide valuable pest control services, and offer an advantage over strict carnivores as plant-feeding enables survival during prey shortage. This putative advantage can potentially be their downside, as plant-feeding may entail damage that negatively affects plant growth/yield (i.e., the cost arising from of omnivore plant-feeding). Yet, benefits conferred by predatory services are usually thought to counterbalance any impact of plant damage. In this systematic review, our goal was to determine how often levels of omnivore damage and its consequences for plants (costs) are considered or quantified. We provide a synthesis of publication trends and findings on omnivore plant-feeding levels, plant injury variables, actual (if quantified) and potential effects on growth/yield, the type of study (lab, greenhouse) and the plants/omnivores most often examined. Our search revealed that measures of omnivore plant-feeding are occasionally reported, but seldom are the direct consequences of such damage also considered. Omnivore plant-feeding were reported in 57% of studies (53 of 93 full-text examined); within these, the majority (>80%) indicated moderate to high levels of plant-feeding. However, only 22% of reports (15 of 69) quantified the effects of omnivore-inflicted damage on plant performance. Of these 15 reports, a greater number found negative consequences for plants compared to those showing no effect (8 vs. 4; 3 with both), with consequences for yield relative to growth being more often evaluated (6 vs. 2). Overall, fruit/leaf injuries relative to stem/flower-feeding were most often examined, and lab/greenhouse experiments predominated. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and the mirid Nesidiocoris tenuis were the most common species studied (34 and 14 reports, respectively). Our results indicate that costs to plants of omnivore-inflicted damage are often neglected. We argue that predatory benefits need to be simultaneously considered with plant-feeding effects to appropriately evaluate pest control services. Publication trends suggest that more studies are evaluating costs to plants, but a paradigm shift is still needed. Furthermore, we found that our understanding of plant-feeding and its effects is disproportionally based on studies examining tomato plants and its omnivorous biocontrol agents. To confirm the generality of findings thus far, other plant omnivore systems should be further considered.

植食捕食性（杂食性，Zoophytophagous (omnivorous)）捕食者可提供极具价值的害虫防治服务，且相较于专性肉食性天敌具有显著优势：其通过取食植物，能够在猎物匮乏时维持生存。然而这一被普遍认为的优势同时也可能成为其短板：取食植物的行为可能对植株造成损害，进而抑制植物生长或降低产量，即杂食性天敌取食植物所带来的成本。但学界通常认为，天敌捕食害虫所带来的防治效益，足以抵消其取食植物造成的负面影响。

本系统综述旨在评估：现有研究中，杂食性天敌取食植物造成的损害程度及其对植株的影响（即前述成本），被纳入考量或量化分析的频率究竟如何。本研究综合梳理了相关文献的发表趋势与核心发现，涵盖杂食性天敌取食植物的程度、植株受害指标、（若已量化的）实际与潜在生长/产量影响、研究类型（实验室/温室）以及最常被研究的植物与杂食性天敌类群。

检索结果显示：尽管偶有研究提及杂食性天敌取食植物的相关指标，但极少有研究同时考量该类损害带来的直接后果。在纳入全文审阅的93项研究中，57%（53项）报道了杂食性天敌取食植物的现象；其中超80%的研究指出，该取食行为达到中等至高强度水平。但仅有22%的报道（69项中的15项）量化分析了杂食性天敌造成的植物损害对植株表现的影响。在这15项量化研究中，发现对植株存在负面影响的报道数量多于无显著影响的报道（8项vs.4项，另有3项同时涵盖两种结果）；且相较于对生长的影响，研究更常评估该损害对产量的影响（6项vs.2项）。

整体而言，相较于取食茎秆或花器的情况，研究最常关注天敌取食果实与叶片所造成的损害；且研究类型以实验室与温室实验为主。研究最常针对的植物与天敌类群分别为番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）与盲蝽Nesidiocoris tenuis（分别对应34项与14项研究）。

本研究结果表明，杂食性天敌取食植物所造成的植株成本，常被现有研究忽略。我们认为，若要合理评估天敌的害虫防治服务效能，需同时考量其捕食害虫的效益与取食植物带来的影响。文献发表趋势显示，尽管当前已有更多研究开始关注植株所承受的取食损害成本，但学界仍需实现研究范式的转变。此外，我们发现，当前学界对杂食性天敌取食植物及其影响的认知，过度依赖于针对番茄及其相关杂食性生物防治天敌的研究。为验证现有研究结论的普适性，未来需进一步拓展至其他植物-杂食性天敌体系的相关研究。