ELECTRICITY GENERATING PROPERTY OF WATER

The paper presents experimental data describing the power generation properties of plain water. It is noticed that the electrodes immersed in a bowl of water become alternatively charged. Potential difference on the electrodes has very little value, which can only be detected using a galvanometer or millivoltmeter. Moreover, the voltage on the electrodes slowly grows over the time to reach a certain limit, after which it remains constant. To experimentally identify the dynamics of charge increasing, the authors has applied capacitors connected to the electrodes. Use has been made of small size items for up to 100 ml of ordinary tap water. The search for theoretical explanations of the described property has led to the implementation of the theory of heat fluctuations of water molecules. In this respect, the mathematical model of Smoluchowski -Einstein formula has proved to be adequately relevant. Having inserted the experimental data into the formula the authors have managed to show the form factor invariability of the experimental device. This can be considered as a confirmation of the effect made by fluctuating water molecules on moving charge carriers in the water. Such effects on the electrodes lead to potential difference, the value of which can be calculated using the formula of Smoluchowski-Einstein.

本论文呈现了表征纯水发电特性的实验数据。研究观察到，浸入一碗水中的电极会交替带电。电极间的电势差极小，仅可通过检流计（galvanometer）或毫伏表（millivoltmeter）检测到。此外，电极间的电压会随时间缓慢升高至某一极限值，此后保持恒定。为实验探究电荷积累的动态变化过程，作者将与电极相连的电容器接入电路；本次实验使用的普通自来水样本体积不超过100ml，且采用了小型实验器材。针对该现象的理论解释探索最终指向了水分子热涨落理论。在此前提下，斯莫卢霍夫斯基-爱因斯坦公式（Smoluchowski-Einstein formula）的数学模型被证实具有良好的适配性。作者将实验数据代入该公式后，成功证明了该实验装置的形状因子具有不变性。这一结果可视为验证了涨落水分子对水中运动载流子的作用效应。此类作用于电极的效应会产生电势差，其数值可通过斯莫卢霍夫斯基-爱因斯坦公式计算得到。