Producers profile and the adoption of technologies in passion fruit cultivation in the Triângulo Mineiro region

Abstract Productivity of passion fruit in Brazil varies widely among producers in different states and regions depending on the adoption of technologies. In this study, the goal was to evaluate the producers profile and use of technologies in passion fruit production in the Triângulo Mineiro region, driven by the local juice industry. The research was carried out from 2018 to 2019, using Behavioral Diagnosis of Productive Activity methodology, based on questionnaires applied to 22 producers in eight cities. The data were submitted to descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis. Most producers grow passion fruit in up to 5 ha, in a family work regimen, and have little experience. The cultivation system is open field in vertical trellis, with a production cycle of 1.5 years. The great majority use manual pollination, chemical and organic fertilization, and do not systematically adopt integrated phytosanitary management. The seedlings are purchased from qualified nurseries and the most planted cultivar is the FB 300. The main losses reported by producers were caused by drought and damage to floral bud, with an average fruit yield of 17 t ha-1 year-1. This production chain is structured but requires technical interventions to increase the profitability and sustainability of the production system.

摘要 巴西不同州与区域的百香果种植户间产量差异悬殊，这与技术采纳程度密切相关。本研究受当地果汁加工业推动，旨在评估米纳斯三角区(Triângulo Mineiro)百香果种植户的生产概况与技术使用情况。本研究于2018—2019年实施，采用生产活动行为诊断法(Behavioral Diagnosis of Productive Activity)，以针对8个城市22名种植户的问卷调查为基础开展数据收集。研究数据采用描述性统计与多变量统计分析方法进行处理。多数种植户的种植规模不超过5公顷，采用家庭劳作模式，且种植经验相对不足。种植模式为露天垂直棚架栽培，生产周期达1.5年。绝大多数种植户采用人工授粉、化肥与有机肥配施的方式，但未系统性采纳综合植保管理(Integrated Phytosanitary Management)措施。种苗均购自合格苗圃，主栽品种为FB 300。种植户报告的主要损失源于干旱与花蕾受损，平均果实产量为17吨·公顷⁻¹·年⁻¹。该百香果产业链已具备一定架构，但仍需技术干预以提升生产系统的盈利能力与可持续性。