Supplementary Material for: The Immunomodulatory Potential Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Diseases of the Central Nervous System

Introduction: Several studies indicate the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as an important tool in regenerative medicine associated with injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS). The MSCs have the capacity to differentiate into cells of the embryonal tissue, such as the mesoderm. So, these cells can be found in a variety of tissues. Also, the MSCs can release immunomodulatory and neurotrophic factors performance as inflammation mediators operating in injured tissue the regeneration. Furthermore, they can differentiate into neural, like cells in vitro. Thereby, because of the high immunomodulatory role of MSCs, this review sought to describe the main immunomodulatory mechanisms performed by MSCs in CNS recovery after tissue injury or neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched between January 2011 to March 2021 and 43 articles met the criteria of the review. Results: This systematic review indicate that MSCs were used in vivo experimental Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease (PA), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Ischemic Stroke (IS) and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The treatment MSCs were usually from human origin, derived from bone marrow and administered intravenously. Discussion/Conclusion: It was shown that MSCs, independent from origin or administration pathway, can reduce inflammation and help in the recovery and preservation of injured neural tissue. Thus, the use of MSCs represents a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of neurological disorders mediated by inflammatory processes.

引言：多项研究表明，间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells，MSCs）是与中枢神经系统（central nervous system，CNS）损伤相关的再生医学领域的重要工具。间充质干细胞具有分化为胚胎组织细胞（如中胚层细胞）的能力，因此可在多种组织中分离获取。此外，间充质干细胞可释放免疫调节与神经营养因子，作为炎症介质参与损伤组织的再生过程；同时其在体外可分化为类神经细胞。鉴于间充质干细胞强大的免疫调节作用，本综述旨在阐述间充质干细胞在组织损伤或神经退行性疾病后，促进中枢神经系统修复的主要免疫调节机制。
方法：本研究于2011年1月至2021年3月期间检索PubMed与ScienceDirect数据库，最终纳入符合本综述筛选标准的43篇文献。
结果：本系统综述显示，间充质干细胞已被应用于多发性硬化（Multiple Sclerosis，MS）、帕金森病（Parkinson's disease，PA）、阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer's disease，AD）、肌萎缩侧索硬化（Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis，ALS）、缺血性脑卒中（Ischemic Stroke，IS）及创伤性脑损伤（Traumatic Brain Injury，TBI）的体内实验研究。所用间充质干细胞通常为人源细胞，多来源于骨髓，且经静脉途径给药。
讨论与结论：研究结果表明，无论细胞来源或给药途径如何，间充质干细胞均可减轻炎症反应，助力损伤神经组织的修复与保留。因此，间充质干细胞疗法有望成为治疗炎症介导性神经系统疾病的潜在治疗选择。