Sample Characteristics.

Objective
Quantifying relevant behavioral mechanisms has relied on rigorous, time-consuming tools restricted to laboratory settings and inaccessible to the clinical community. Advances in technology provide an opportunity to develop more accessible platforms. Here, we developed CALM-IT, a novel mobile-application to experimentally assess inhibitory control in vivo
Method
In a transdiagnostic sample of 200 youth aged 8–20, we (i) apply knowledge from canonical inhibitory control tasks in the methodological design of the mobile application, (ii) establish feasibility and engagement with CALM-IT, (iii) assess test-retest reliability of CALM-IT, (iv) investigate the convergent validity of CALM-IT with behavioral and neural responses to laboratory-based tasks, and (v) probe clinical relevance via associations with clinical symptoms.
Results
First, we provide evidence that our novel inhibitory control mobile application, CALM-IT, was accessible, feasible, and engaging. Second, we found performance was reliable over time. Third, we found CALM-IT performance was associated with established measures of inhibitory control and activation in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus. Associations with brain but not behavior survived after controlling for age. Finally, we found evidence linking impaired CALM-IT performance to increased levels of co-occurring anxiety, irritability, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms.
Conclusion
Validation of this neuroscience-informed mobile application represents a critical first step in bridging precise, mechanism-driven research and community-based assessment of childhood psychopathology. The present work lays the groundwork for future research that could provide researchers and clinicians with a multifaceted tool to measure clinically-relevant behaviors in an engaging and accessible manner.

研究目标
量化相关行为机制曾依赖于严苛且耗时的实验室专属工具，临床界无法使用这类工具。技术进步为开发更具可及性的研究平台提供了契机。本研究开发了CALM-IT——一款用于开展活体（in vivo）实验评估抑制控制（inhibitory control）的新型移动应用程序。

研究方法
本研究纳入200名8至20岁的跨诊断（transdiagnostic）青年样本，依次开展以下工作：(i) 基于经典抑制控制任务的研究范式，开展该移动应用的方法学设计；(ii) 验证CALM-IT的可行性与使用接受度；(iii) 评估CALM-IT的重测信度（test-retest reliability）；(iv) 探究CALM-IT的任务表现与实验室抑制控制任务诱发的行为及神经反应之间的会聚效度（convergent validity）；(v) 通过与临床症状的关联分析，验证CALM-IT的临床相关性。

研究结果
其一，本研究证实这款新型抑制控制移动应用CALM-IT具备良好的可及性、可行性与使用接受度；其二，CALM-IT的任务表现具备良好的时间稳定性；其三，CALM-IT的任务表现与经典抑制控制测量指标及双侧额下回（bilateral inferior frontal gyrus）的激活水平显著相关；在控制年龄因素后，该关联仅存在于神经影像指标，而非行为指标中；最后，本研究发现CALM-IT任务表现受损与共病焦虑、易怒症状及注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状严重程度升高存在关联。

研究结论
这款基于神经科学框架开发的移动应用的验证工作，是衔接精准的机制导向型研究与社区层面儿童精神病理评估的关键第一步。本研究为后续研究奠定了坚实基础，未来可通过该多维度工具，以兼具吸引力与可及性的方式，为研究人员与临床医师提供临床相关行为的测量手段。