Data from: Gaps and spatial trends in the accurate data available on mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) in Brazil: Inventory completeness and priority areas

Gaps and trends in species distribution knowledge can negatively influence
biodiversity studies, emphasizing the need to map these limitations and
assess inventory completeness. This study analyzed spatial inventories of
Culicidae, insects with high medical relevance, to identify priority
research areas in Brazil. Records from 1900-2021 were collected from
digital databases and literature, excluding those without scientific
names, coordinates, or sampling year. Sampling effort and inventory
completeness were assessed across ecoregions, states, and grid cells at
0.5° and 1° size resolution. Metrics analyzed included record counts, the
percentage of observed and expected richness ratio (completeness index,
Cc), and accumulation curve slope (Cs). Units were classified as
“well-surveyed” based on different thresholds, and priority zones were
defined based on the last quartile of cells with the greatest distance and
climatic uniqueness. A total of 9,899 records from 22 scientific
collections and 356 articles highlight comprehensive datasets in Southeast
and Amazonas states, with limited data in the Northeast region. The
Atlantic Forest contained the most complete information, yet well-surveyed
areas covered less than 1% of Brazil. This scenario shows that
Brazilian Culicidae inventories are under construction due to low spatial
representativeness and sampling biases for vector species, roads, and
urban areas. Filling these gaps with new sampling designs will
enhance predictions of epidemiological risks and Culicidae species loss,
especially in Acre, Pará, West-Amazon, Northeast-Atlantic, Brazilian
Diagonal, and Araucaria-Pampean zones.

物种分布知识的缺口与趋势会对生物多样性研究产生负面影响，这凸显了绘制这些局限性图谱并评估物种编目完整性（inventory completeness）的必要性。本研究分析了具有高医学相关性的昆虫——蚊科（Culicidae）的空间编目数据，旨在确定巴西的优先研究区域。研究收集了1900-2021年间来自数字数据库和文献的记录，排除了缺乏科学名称、坐标或采样年份的记录。在生态区、州以及分辨率为0.5°和1°的网格单元尺度上，研究评估了采样努力（sampling effort）和物种编目完整性。分析的指标包括记录数量、观测与预期丰富度比值的百分比（完整性指数，completeness index, Cc）以及累积曲线斜率（Cs）。研究单元根据不同阈值被划分为"充分调查区域（well-surveyed）"，优先区域则基于距离最大且气候独特性最高的网格单元的最后四分位数来定义。来自22个科学馆藏和356篇文献的共计9899条记录显示，东南部和亚马逊州的数据集较为全面，而东北部地区的数据则较为有限。大西洋森林（Atlantic Forest）的信息最为完整，但充分调查区域仅覆盖巴西不到1%的面积。这一现状表明，由于空间代表性不足以及针对媒介物种、道路和城市区域的采样偏差，巴西蚊科的编目工作仍在完善中。