Dataset for "Higher immigration and lower land take rates are driving a new densification wave in European cities"

Dataset for the article:

Cortinovis C., Geneletti D., Haase D. (2022). Higher immigration and lower land take rates are driving a new densification wave in European cities. npj Urban Sustainability  2, 19. doi:10.1038/s42949-022-00062-0 

The dataset includes three excel workbooks. The main workbook "EU_cities_data.xlsx" calculates residential density in 2006, 2012 and 2018 and its trends in the two periods 2006-2012 and 2012-2018 for 331 European cities and greater cities. The worksheet "CITIES_GREATER_sel" is the basis to reproduce the analyses and figures presented in the paper and related Supplementary Material, using the code R code "EU_cities_plot" available at  doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19773151.

The main workbook is linked to two datasets containing demographic data for the selected cities and greater cities:

- EU_cities_population.xlsx: total population at the 1st of January of the three reference years;

- EU_cities_demo_balance.xlsx: data on births and deaths in each city during the analysed period, and calculation of net migration figures.

Population data are based on the Eurostat Urban Audit (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/data/database) and on datasets from national statistical offices. The numerous corrections to the original Urban Audit database and the final source of each value are indicated in the two datasets (see worksheet "sources and legend"). 

Residential area and land take for residential use are based on the Copernicus Urban Atlas (https://land.copernicus.eu/local/urban-atlas) version 021 for the reference year 2012, version 012 for the reference year 2018, and the consolidated “Revised” version available in 2021 for the reference year 2006.

Cities’ and greater cities’ boundaries were retrieved from the GISCO Eurostat spatial database linked to the Urban Audit, version 2018 ( https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units/urban-audit).

本数据集对应论文：
Cortinovis C.、Geneletti D.、Haase D. (2022). 更高的移民水平与更低的土地开发速率推动欧洲城市迎来新一轮致密化浪潮. npj Urban Sustainability 2, 19. doi:10.1038/s42949-022-00062-0

本数据集包含三个Excel工作簿。主工作簿"EU_cities_data.xlsx"针对331座欧洲城市及都会区，计算了2006年、2012年与2018年的居住密度，以及2006-2012年、2012-2018年两个时段的密度变化趋势。其中工作表"CITIES_GREATER_sel"是复现论文及相关补充材料中分析与图表的基础，可通过doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19773151获取配套R代码"EU_cities_plot"。

该主工作簿关联了两个包含选定城市及都会区人口统计数据的数据集：
- EU_cities_population.xlsx：对应三个参考年份1月1日的总人口数；
- EU_cities_demo_balance.xlsx：包含研究时段内各城市的出生、死亡数据，以及净移民数值的计算结果。

人口数据源自欧盟统计局（Eurostat）城市审计数据库（https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/cities/data/database）以及各国国家统计局的数据集。针对原始城市审计数据库的多项修正内容，以及各数值的最终来源，均在两个数据集中予以标注（详见工作表"sources and legend"）。

居住用地面积及住宅用地开发量数据源自哥白尼城市地图集（Copernicus Urban Atlas，https://land.copernicus.eu/local/urban-atlas）：2012年参考年对应版本021，2018年参考年对应版本012，2006年参考年对应2021年发布的整合「修订版」数据集。

城市及都会区的边界数据源自与城市审计数据库关联的欧盟统计局GISCO空间数据库2018版（https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/reference-data/administrative-units-statistical-units/urban-audit）。