Targeting R&D intensity in Finnish innovation policy

Finland has been setting research and development (R&D) intensity targets for almost 50 years. This paper explores the Finnish national policy experience in fostering public and private investments in R&D. Three key insights are the following: a) a systemic and integrated policy approach needs an impactful co-ordination and governance mechanism;...芬兰近50年来始终设定研发（Research and Development，R&D）强度目标。本论文探讨芬兰在促进公共与私营部门研发投资方面的国家政策经验。三大核心洞察如下：a）系统性、一体化的政策路径需具备兼具影响力的协调与治理机制；……