Data Sheet 1_Construction and application of coordination ability evaluation tool for children aged 4–5.9 years old.zip

BackgroundCoordination ability is a critical component influencing children's basic motor skills and participation in physical activities. Positive experiences formed during early movement practice are essential for lifelong health.
PurposeThis study aimed to scientifically construct a systematic and user-friendly evaluation tool for assessing coordination ability in children aged 4.0–5.9 years, thereby enhancing understanding and promoting targeted development in family and kindergarten activities.
MethodsThe evaluation indicators were determined through literature review, structured expert interviews, expert interviews, and the Delphi method. Sixteen cities in Shandong Province were sampled using a stratified random cluster sampling approach. A total of 1,068 valid samples were obtained (530 children aged 4.0–4.9 years and 538 children aged 5.0–5.9 years). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0, including exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to test model validity.
ResultsThe structural model of coordination ability demonstrated good fit indices. Coordination ability was found to consist of six key dimensions: balance, spatial orientation, rhythm, perceptual judgment, limb coordination, and limb movement range. Evaluation criteria for both 4- and 5-year-old groups were established. Girls exhibited higher overall coordination scores than boys. Boys in the 4-year-old group showed superior perceptual and judgment ability, while boys in the 5-year-old group performed better in perceptual judgment and spatial orientation.
Conclusion(1) The constructed evaluation tool accurately reflects children's coordination development. (2) The established single and composite scoring criteria effectively distinguish coordination levels among children aged 4–5.9 years. (3) Gender differences exist, with girls generally outperforming boys, though developmental asynchrony is evident across coordination components.

研究背景 协调能力是影响儿童基础运动技能与体育活动参与度的核心要素。早期运动实践中形成的积极体验，对个体终身健康具有关键意义。
研究目的 本研究旨在科学构建一套系统化且易用的评估工具，用于测评4.0~5.9岁儿童的协调能力，以期增进对儿童协调能力发展的认知，并推动家庭与幼儿园活动中针对性的发展干预。
研究方法 本研究通过文献综述、结构化专家访谈、常规专家访谈及德尔菲法（Delphi Method）确定评估指标。采用分层整群随机抽样方法，在山东省抽取16个地市作为采样单元。最终共回收有效样本1068份，其中4.0~4.9岁儿童530名，5.0~5.9岁儿童538名。采用SPSS 26.0与AMOS 26.0软件开展统计分析，包括探索性因子分析与验证性因子分析，以检验模型效度。
研究结果 儿童协调能力的结构模型展现出良好的拟合指标。研究发现，协调能力包含六大核心维度：平衡能力、空间定向能力、节奏感知能力、知觉判断能力、肢体协调能力以及肢体活动范围。本研究建立了4岁组与5岁组儿童的评估标准。女童的整体协调能力得分显著高于男童。4岁组男童的知觉与判断能力更优，而5岁组男童在知觉判断与空间定向能力上表现更佳。
研究结论 (1) 本研究构建的评估工具可准确反映儿童协调能力的发展水平；(2) 所建立的单项与综合评分标准，能够有效区分4.0~5.9岁儿童的协调能力层级；(3) 儿童协调能力存在性别差异，女童整体表现优于男童，但各协调能力维度的发展存在显著异步性。