The integration of a wind farm through IEC 61850 standard based protection in smart grids

The increasing integration of renewable power plants (RPPs), particularly wind power plants (WPPs), into electrical grids requires advanced protection schemes to maintain grid reliability, stability, and selectivity. This thesis presents the design, implementation, and validation of a coordinated protection system for high-voltage (HV) transformers used in the integration of a large-scale wind farm (LSWF) within a smart grid environment. The proposed protection scheme is IEC 61850 standard-based. It uses high-speed communication among Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) via Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) messaging to ensure reliable fault coordination. A modified IEEE 9-bus power system integrated with a large-scale wind farm (LSWF) made of eighteen Vestas V117-4.2 MW wind turbine generator units (WTGUs) is used as the test network. The transformer differential protection is implemented as the main using the SEL-487E Station Phasor Measurement Unit. The backup to this main is done using the SEL-751A Feeder Protection Relay. The system is modeled using the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) in conjunction with its software, Real-time Simulation Computer Aided Design (RSCAD) FX. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing is conducted to validate the protection logic and communication performance under various fault conditions. The results confirm that the IEC 61850 standard-based protection scheme improves the speed of detection of the fault, the latency of communication, and the accuracy of coordination. GOOSE messaging enables a timely and selective response, with trip and blocking signals successfully exchanged between IEDs. The developed protection scheme demonstrates robust performance under both internal and external fault conditions. This supports reliable and efficient integration of LSWFs into modern smart grids.

随着可再生能源发电厂（Renewable Power Plants, RPPs）尤其是风力发电厂（Wind Power Plants, WPPs）日益深度接入电力电网，亟需先进的保护方案以维持电网的可靠性、稳定性与选择性。本论文针对智能电网环境下大型风电场（Large-Scale Wind Farm, LSWF）并网场景中所使用的高压（High-Voltage, HV）变压器，提出了一套协同保护系统的设计、实现与验证方案。所提出的保护方案基于IEC 61850标准，借助智能电子设备（Intelligent Electronic Devices, IEDs）间通过面向通用对象的变电站事件（Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event, GOOSE）报文实现的高速通信，保障可靠的故障协调能力。本研究采用经改进的IEEE 9节点电力系统作为测试网络，该系统集成了由18台维斯塔斯V117-4.2 MW风力发电机组（Wind Turbine Generator Units, WTGUs）组成的大型风电场（LSWF）。本方案采用SEL-487E站相量测量单元实现变压器差动保护作为主保护，其后备保护则通过SEL-751A馈线保护继电器实现。本系统通过实时数字模拟器（Real-Time Digital Simulator, RTDS）及其配套软件实时仿真计算机辅助设计（Real-time Simulation Computer Aided Design, RSCAD）FX进行建模，并开展了硬件在环（Hardware-in-the-loop, HIL）测试，以验证不同故障工况下的保护逻辑与通信性能。测试结果证实，基于IEC 61850标准的保护方案可提升故障检测速度、降低通信时延并提高协调精度；GOOSE报文可实现及时且具有选择性的响应，智能电子设备（IEDs）间可成功交换跳闸与闭锁信号。所研发的保护方案在内部与外部故障工况下均表现出优异的鲁棒性，为大型风电场（LSWFs）可靠高效地接入现代智能电网提供了有力支撑。