Circulating microRNA screening of high-risk individuals enrolled in COSMOS lung cancer screening trial.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Low-dose computed tomography screening (LDCT) was recently shown to anticipate the time of diagnosis, thus reducing lung cancer mortality. We identifed a serum microRNA signature (the miR-Test) that could identify the optimal target population for LDCT screening. Here, we performed a large-scale validation study of the miR-Test in high-risk individuals enrolled in the Continuous Observation of Smoking Subjects (COSMOS) lung cancer screening program. RT-qPCR of circulating microRNA purified from serum samples. Trizol-LS and miRNEASY Mini kit (Qiagen) were used for miRNA purification. Custom TaqMan® Low Density Array microRNA Custom Panel (Life Technologies) was used to screen serum circulating microRNA.

肺癌是全球范围内癌症相关死亡的首要病因。近期研究证实，低剂量计算机断层扫描筛查（low-dose computed tomography screening, LDCT）可提前确诊时机，从而降低肺癌死亡率。本研究团队已鉴定出一种血清微小核糖核酸（microRNA）标志物（miR-Test），可用于筛选低剂量计算机断层扫描筛查的最优目标人群。本研究针对参与「吸烟人群持续监测（Continuous Observation of Smoking Subjects, COSMOS）」肺癌筛查项目的高危个体，开展了miR-Test的大规模验证研究。研究中，对从血清样本中纯化的循环微小核糖核酸进行实时定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-qPCR）检测；采用Trizol-LS试剂与miRNEASY Mini试剂盒（Qiagen，凯杰公司）完成微小核糖核酸的纯化；使用定制化TaqMan® 低密度阵列芯片微小核糖核酸定制组合（Custom TaqMan® Low Density Array microRNA Custom Panel，Life Technologies）完成血清循环微小核糖核酸的筛选。