ADVANCES IN PEACH, NECTARINE AND PLUM PROPAGATION

ABSTRACT Nursery trees of stone fruits (Prunus spp.) are traditionally produced by union of two distinct genotypes - the rootstock and the scion - which, by grafting, form a composite plant that will be maintained throughout of all plant life. In Brazil, the rootstocks are predominantly seed propagated and therefore usually results in heterogeneous trees for vigor and edaphic adaptation. However, with advances in rootstock breeding programs that released cultivars and certification in several countries (notably in Europe), the system will come gradually evolving for vegetative propagation (cuttings and tissue culture) and use of seeds of selected rootstocks with specific characteristics and potted nursery trees production. For scion cultivar propagation, the budding system (with its many variations) has predominantly been adopted in major producing countries. This review had as objective to comment main propagation methods adopted for rootstocks and scion in peach, nectarine and plum, and recent technical progress obtained as well as the needs of improvement for nursery tree production.

摘要 核果类果树（Prunus spp.）的育苗传统上通过两种不同基因型的接合——即砧木（rootstock）与接穗（scion）——实现：通过嫁接形成复合植株，并将伴随植株的整个生命周期。在巴西，砧木主要以种子繁殖，因此培育出的苗木在长势与土壤适应性上普遍存在异质性。然而，随着多个国家（尤以欧洲为甚）推出经审定的砧木品种并建立品种认证体系，该繁育体系正逐步向无性繁殖（扦插与组织培养）、使用具备特定性状的精选砧木种子以及盆栽育苗生产模式转型。针对接穗品种的繁育，全球主要果品生产国普遍采用芽接体系（包含多种变体形式）。本综述旨在评述桃、油桃与李的砧木及接穗的主流繁育方法、当前取得的最新技术进展，以及育苗生产仍需优化的方向。