Data_Sheet_1_Outdoor artificial light at night exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus: a case–control study.docx

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the association between outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
MethodsThis study is a retrospective case–control study. According with quantiles, ALAN has been classified into three categories (Q1-Q3). GDM was diagnosed through oral glucose tolerance tests. Conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between ALAN exposure and GDM risk. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association. Restricted cubic spline analysis (RCS) was utilized to investigate the no liner association between ALAN and GDM.
ResultsA total of 5,720 participants were included, comprising 1,430 individuals with GDM and 4,290 matched controls. Pregnant women exposed to higher levels of ALAN during the first trimester exhibited an elevated risk of GDM compared to those with lower exposure levels (Q2 OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.20–1.63, p < 0.001); (Q3 OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.44–2.00, p < 0.001). Similarly, elevated ALAN exposure during the second trimester also conferred an increased risk of GDM (second trimester: Q2 OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.45–1.98, p < 0.001; Q3 OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.77–2.44, p < 0.001). RCS showed a nonlinear association between ALAN exposure and GDM risk in second trimester pregnancy, with a threshold value of 4.235.
ConclusionOutdoor ALAN exposure during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of GDM.

研究目的：本研究旨在探讨夜间室外人工光照（outdoor artificial light at night, ALAN）暴露与妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM）之间的关联。
研究方法：本研究为回顾性病例对照研究。依据分位数将ALAN划分为三类（Q1~Q3）。采用口服葡萄糖耐量试验诊断妊娠期糖尿病。采用条件logistic回归模型评估ALAN暴露与GDM发病风险的关联，以比值比（odds ratio, OR）联合95%置信区间（confidence interval, CI）量化关联强度。限制性立方样条分析（restricted cubic spline analysis, RCS）用于探究ALAN与GDM之间的非线性关联。
研究结果：本研究共纳入5720名研究对象，其中包括1430例GDM患者与4290名匹配对照。妊娠早期暴露于较高水平ALAN的孕妇，其GDM发病风险较低暴露组升高（Q2：OR=1.39，95%CI 1.20~1.63，p<0.001）；（Q3：OR=1.70，95%CI 1.44~2.00，p<0.001）。类似地，妊娠中期ALAN暴露水平升高也会增加GDM发病风险（妊娠中期：Q2：OR=1.70，95%CI 1.45~1.98，p<0.001；Q3：OR=2.08，95%CI 1.77~2.44，p<0.001）。限制性立方样条分析显示，妊娠中期ALAN暴露与GDM发病风险存在非线性关联，阈值为4.235。
研究结论：妊娠期间的室外ALAN暴露与GDM发病风险升高存在关联。