CALCIUM-CONTAINING DRUGS IN DENTISTRY: CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL BASES OF APPLICATION, ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

Calcium-containing drugs are widely used in therapeutic, pediatric and surgical dentistry due to their bioinductive, remineralizing and antimicrobial properties. The most common forms are calcium hydroxide, calcium silicates (including MTA-type materials), calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxyapatite compositions, as well as pastes and cements for temporary and permanent root canal fillings. The mechanism of their action is associated with the release of calcium ions, an increase in the pH of the medium, stimulation of the formation of reparative dentin and mineralized barriers, as well as inhibition of bacterial microflora. However, along with their clinical advantages, calcium-containing drugs have a number of limitations: solubility, insufficient mechanical strength, the risk of microflowing, and possible cytotoxicity if used improperly. The purpose of this work is to systematize current data on the types of calcium—containing materials, analyze their advantages and disadvantages, and identify clinical indications and prospects for further development.