Early Steps Multisite Study (Age 4), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Eugene, Oregon, and Charlottesville, Virginia, 2002-2014

The Early Steps Multisite (ESM) Study is a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of the early childhood version of the Family Check-Up intervention. The enclosed data file includes home-based assessments carried out at child ages 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.5, 8.5, 9.5, and 10.5 involving 731 families from three distinct communities in the United States: Pittsburgh, PA (urban), Eugene, OR (suburban), and in and outside Charlottesville, VA (rural). Assessments include questionnaires and interviews with primary caregivers (i.e., typically mothers) and alternative caregivers (fathers, grandparents, and other child caregivers) about child behavior, sociodemographic and family risk, parent well-being and support, coupled with observations of developmentally-tailored parent-child interaction tasks (e.g., teaching, clean-up, and meal preparation tasks at ages 2-5, discussion tasks at ages 7.5 and 9.5). Teacher reports on multiple domains of child behavior were obtained beginning at age 7.5 through age 10.5, and youth reports on their own adjustment beginning at child age 8.5. Direct testing of children's academic achievement was administered at child ages 5, 7.5, and 8.5 using scales from the Woodcock-Johnson.

早期多中心起步研究（Early Steps Multisite Study, ESM）是一项随机对照试验，旨在检验家庭核查（Family Check-Up）幼儿版干预方案的有效性。随附的数据文件包含针对美国三个不同社区的731个家庭开展的居家评估，评估分别在儿童2、3、4、5、7.5、8.5、9.5及10.5岁时进行；这三个社区分别为宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡（城市社区）、俄勒冈州尤金（郊区社区），以及弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔市及其周边区域（农村社区）。评估内容涵盖面向主要照料者（通常为母亲）与替代照料者（父亲、祖父母及其他儿童照料者）的问卷与访谈，涉及儿童行为、社会人口学特征与家庭风险、父母福祉与支持状况，同时搭配针对适配儿童发展阶段的亲子互动任务的观察——例如2-5岁时的教学、整理及备餐任务，7.5岁与9.5岁时的讨论任务。研究还收集了覆盖儿童7.5岁至10.5岁的、针对儿童多领域行为的教师评定报告，以及从儿童8.5岁开始的青少年自我适应状况自评报告。研究团队采用伍德科克-约翰逊（Woodcock-Johnson）量表，在儿童5、7.5及8.5岁时对其学术成就开展直接测评。