Studies on spelling in the context of dyslexia: a literature review

ABSTRACT This paper aimed at reviewing the literature related to national and international research on spelling difficulties by dyslexics and identifying the intervention approaches performed with regard to this topic. An integrative review of the literature was carried out in order to answer the question: considering the domain of the orthography, one of the challenges frequently faced by dyslexics, how are studies on the relationship between dyslexia and spelling characterized? The research was carried out in PubMed platform, Scopus database and Portal de Periódicos CAPES/MEC. To search the articles, the following descriptors were used: "dislexia" or "dyslexia" with the free terms "ortografia" or "spelling". One aspect should be highlighted: some works indicate that difficulties in the spelling performance by dyslexics are not exclusively due to phonological processing failures - they are also secondary to alterations in orthographic processing. A challenge faced by dyslexics is to retain phonological information to use in writing new orthographic forms. Researchers suggest that intervention strategies include phonological, orthographic and lexical activities. It is observed that few studies have analyzed the difficulties that dyslexics face when dealing with new words, as well as writing, correctly, frequently used words in their own language.

摘要 本研究旨在回顾与诵读困难（dyslexia）患者拼写障碍相关的国内外研究文献，并梳理针对该主题的干预方法。为解答如下研究问题：结合诵读困难者常面临的挑战之一——正字法（orthography）领域，有关诵读困难与拼写障碍关联的研究具有哪些特征？本研究采用整合性文献综述法开展研究。检索工作依托PubMed平台、Scopus数据库以及CAPES/MEC期刊门户（Portal de Periódicos CAPES/MEC）完成，检索时采用的检索式为："dislexia"或"dyslexia"搭配自由词"ortografia"或"spelling"。需特别指出的是：部分研究表明，诵读困难者的拼写表现障碍并非仅源于语音加工缺陷，还可继发于正字法加工异常。诵读困难者面临的一项核心挑战是，需留存语音信息以用于构建新的正字法书写形式。研究者提出，干预策略应涵盖语音、正字法与词汇相关活动。现有研究中，针对诵读困难者在处理新词及正确书写母语高频常用词时所面临的困难的分析相对匮乏。