Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and its components in the Brazilian adult population

Abstract We estimated the prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its components in the Brazilian population according to sociodemographic factors. This is a cross-sectional population-based study that used laboratory data from the National Health Survey. We estimated the prevalence of MetS and its components with 95% confidence intervals and the unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) with the Poisson regression. MetS prevalence ratio was 38.4%. High waist circumference (WC) (65.5%) and low HDL cholesterol (49.4%) were the most prevalent components, including in the youngest people. MetS and its components were more frequent among women (41.8%), individuals with low schooling (47.5%), and older adults (66.1%). In the adjusted analysis, females (PR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.08-1.24), older adults (PR = 3.69; 95% CI 3.26-4.17), and low schooling (PR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.17-1.49) were associated with MetS. MetS was prevalent in the Brazilian population, especially among women, individuals with low schooling, and older adults. High WC and low HDL cholesterol were the most prevalent components, with the aggravating high prevalence factor in young adults. These findings reveal the need to consider laboratory data for a more accurate analysis of this condition, which can be challenging at the national level.

摘要 本研究依据社会人口学特征，评估了巴西人群中代谢综合征（Metabolic Syndrome, MetS）及其各组分的患病率。本研究为基于人群的横断面研究，采用全国健康调查的实验室数据。研究通过泊松回归估算了MetS及其各组分的患病率与95%置信区间，以及未校正与校正后的患病率比（prevalence ratio, PR）。结果显示，MetS的患病率为38.4%。高腰围（waist circumference, WC）（65.5%）与低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL cholesterol）（49.4%）是最常见的代谢综合征组分，即便在最年轻的人群中也较为常见。MetS及其各组分在女性（41.8%）、低受教育程度人群（47.5%）及老年人（66.1%）中更为高发。校正分析结果表明，女性（PR=1.16；95%CI 1.08-1.24）、老年人（PR=3.69；95%CI 3.26-4.17）与低受教育程度（PR=1.32；95%CI 1.17-1.49）均与MetS存在显著关联。巴西人群中MetS患病率较高，尤其多见于女性、低受教育程度人群及老年人。高WC与低HDL胆固醇为最常见的代谢综合征组分，且青年人群中该类组分的高患病率问题尤为突出。本研究结果表明，需纳入实验室数据以更精准地分析该疾病，而在国家层面开展此类分析或存在一定挑战。